平邑天楹垃圾焚烧发电项目环评报告.docx

Environmental Impact Assessment (Update) Project Number: 50096-002 December 2019 People’s Republic of China: Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region – China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project - Pingyi County Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Subproject Prepared by China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 14 December 2019) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = € 0.1275 €1.00 = CNY 7.7680 NOTES (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars and "€" refers to Euro. (ii) This document has been prepared following ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. ABBREVIATIONS ADB AP AQI CNTY EA EEB EHS EIA EMoP EMP EMS EPL FSR FGD GDP GHG GIP GIIP GRM IA IEE I&G IT MAC MEE MEP MSDS PAM PCR PPE PRC SCR SNCR SPS TA WB WHO WWTP Asian Development Bank Affected Person Air Quality Index China Tianying Co., Ltd Executing Agency Ecology and Environment Bureau Environment, Health and Safety Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Monitoring Plan Environmental Management Plan Environmental Monitoring Station Environmental Protection Law Feasibility Study Report Flue-gas Desulfurization Gross Domestic Product Green House Gas Good International Practice Good International Industrial Practice Grievance Redress Mechanism Implementing Agency Initial Environmental Examination China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation Interim Target Maximum Acceptable Concentration Ministry of Ecology and Environment Ministry of Environmental Protection Material Safety Data Sheet Project Administration Manual Physical Cultural Resources Personnel Protective Equipment People’s Republic of China Selective Catalytic Reduction Selective Non-catalytic Reduction Safeguard Policy Statement, ADB Technical Assistance World Bank World Health Organization Wastewater treatment plant WEIGHTS AND MEASURES BOD5 CaCO3 cm CO2 COD dB(A) DO kg km kWh Leq m m/s m2 m³ mg/l mg/m3 µg/m3 NOx oC O3 pH PM PM10 PM2.5 SO2 t/h TSP Biochemical Oxygen Demand, five days Calcium Carbonate Centimeter Carbon Dioxide Chemical Oxygen Demand A-weighted sound pressure level in decibels Dissolved Oxygen Kilogram Kilometer Kilowatt Hour Equivalent Continuous Noise Level Meter Meters per Second Square Meters Cubic Meters Milligrams per Liter Milligrams per Cubic Meter Micrograms per Cubic Meter Nitrogen Oxides Degrees Celsius Ozone A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution Particulate Matter Particulate Matter smaller than 10 micrometers Particulate Matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers Sulfur Dioxide Tons per Hour Total Suspended Particulates This environmental impact assessment report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of the ADB website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................12 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................12 B. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................................12 C. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ...............................................................................12 D. PROJECT SCOPE ..........................................................................................................12 E. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ..........................................................................................12 F. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................13 G. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ......................................................14 H. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................14 I. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS .............................................14 J. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ..............................................................................15 K. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...............................................................15 L. RISKS AND KEY ASSURANCES ......................................................................................15 M. CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................15 I. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................16 A. B. C. D. E. II. THE PROJECT ..............................................................................................................16 INTRODUCTION OF BORROWER.....................................................................................16 REPORT PURPOSE .......................................................................................................16 APPROACH TO REPORT PREPARATION .........................................................................17 REPORT STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................17 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK..........................................19 A. B. C. D. E. F. APPLICABLE ADB POLICIES, REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS ..................................19 PRC ENVIRONMENTAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK..................................................................20 PRC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK AND PROCEDURES ..............23 PROJECT DOMESTIC EIA REPORT ................................................................................25 RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS .....................................................................25 APPLICABLE PRC ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS ............................................26 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................37 A. B. C. D. E. F. THE PROJECT ..............................................................................................................37 PROJECT LOCATION .....................................................................................................37 PROJECT RATIONAL .....................................................................................................39 PROJECT SCOPE .........................................................................................................40 KEY FEATURES ............................................................................................................42 SUBPROJECT DESIGN DETAILS .....................................................................................46 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................57 A. B. C. D. E. F. V. LOCATION ....................................................................................................................57 SHANDONG PROVINCE OVERVIEW ................................................................................57 SITE PHYSICAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................60 AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT BASELINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...........................64 ECOLOGY AND SENSITIVE RESOURCES ........................................................................76 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ............................................................78 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .........................................81 A. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING DETAILED DESIGN81 B. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................................................................................................................................82 C. ANTICIPATED OPERATION PHASE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................91 D. ANTICIPATED POSITIVE OPERATION PHASE IMPACTS ..................................................128 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................129 A. B. C. D. NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE ........................................................................................129 ALTERNATIVE SITES ...................................................................................................129 SOLID WASTE TREATMENT METHOD ............................................................................131 OVERALL ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ..............................................................................133 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ..............................134 A. PRC AND ADB REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ..........134 B. PROJECT INFORMATION DISCLOSURE .........................................................................135 C. FUTURE CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES ...........................................................................155 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM......................................................................156 A. B. C. D. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................156 ADB’S GRM REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................156 CURRENT GRM PRACTICES IN THE PRC ....................................................................156 PROJECT LEVEL GRM ...............................................................................................156 IX. CONCLUSIONS ..........................................................................................................160 APPENDIX I: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................162 A. B. C. D. E. F. OBJECTIVES ..............................................................................................................162 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .............................................................................162 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......................................................164 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .............................................................................164 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND CAPACITY BUILDING ..........................................164 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................191 G. H. I. J. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS.......................................................................................192 ESTIMATED BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................192 MECHANISMS FOR FEEDBACK AND ADJUSTMENT ........................................................193 ENVIRONMENTAL ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................193 List of Tables Table II-1: Applicable PRC Environmental Laws, Regulations, and Decrees...............21 Table II-2: Applicable PRC EIA guidelines .......................................................................24 Table II-3: Applicable international agreements .............................................................25 Table II-4: Applicable PRC environmental standards .....................................................26 Table II-5: PRC Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO ambient air quality guidelines, ...................................................................................................................28 Table II-6: Relevant PRC Standard and Relevant International Guidelines ..................29 Table II-7: Applicable odor pollutant standard ................................................................30 Table II-8: Applicable surface water standard. Unit: mg/l, pH excluded .......................31 Table II-9: Applicable groundwater standard ..................................................................32 Table II-10: PRC Wastewater Quality Standards for Discharge to Municipal Sewers .34 Table II-11: PRC Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008) and relevant international guidelines ...............................................................................35 Table II-12: PRC Noise Emission Standard for Construction Site Boundary (GB125232011) .............................................................................................................................35 Table II-13: PRC Classification of occupational hazards at workplaces--Part 4:Occupational exposure to noise (GBZ/T 229.4-2012) and relevant international guidelines ....................................................................................................................35 Table II-14: PRC Noise Emission Standard for Construction Site Boundary (GB123482008) .............................................................................................................................36 Table III-1: Key Features of the Subproject ....................................................................40 Table III-2: Key Parameters of the Subproject.................................................................42 Table III-3: Annual waste generated in Pingyi County in 2020 and 2030 ......................48 Table III-4: Electrical equipment .......................................................................................49 Table III-5: Water consumption unit: m3/d .......................................................................49 Table III-6: Generated air pollutants of the subproject ...................................................51 Table III-7: Generated pollutants of the subproject unit: t/a ..........................................52 Table III-8: Air pollutants emission data of Shouguang MSW incineration plant ........54 Table III-9: Air pollutants emission data of Binzhou MSW incineration plant ..............55 Table III-10: Dioxin concentration from Shouguang MSW incineration plant ..............55 Table IV-1: Air quality monitoring locations ....................................................................66 Table IV-2: Air quality monitoring methods.....................................................................66 Table IV-3: Meteorological parameters of air quality monitoring ..................................67 Table IV-4: Air quality monitoring results (mg/m3)..........................................................69 Table IV-5: Summary of air quality monitoring results...................................................70 Table IV-6: Monitoring Results of Groundwater at Pingyi County (Unit: mg/L) ...........71 Table IV-7: Groundwater monitoring locations ...............................................................71 Table IV-8: Ground water quality monitoring results Unit: mg/l ....................................71 Table IV-9: Surface water quality monitoring of Jun River Unit: mg/l...........................73 Table IV-10: Surface water quality monitoring of Wujiazhuang Reservoir Unit: mg/l .74 Table IV-11: Monitoring Results of Noise at Site Boundaries (unit: Leq dB(A)) ..........75 Table IV-12: Sensitive receptors near the plant ..............................................................78 Table IV-13: Data on Linyi City administrative divisions................................................79 Table V-1: Primary noise sources at each construction stage......................................87 Table V-2: Summary of Pingyi meteorological data, 1999-2018 ...................................92 Table V-3: Summary Pingyi wind direction frequency data, 1999-2018.......................92 Table V-4: Parameter of dispersion modelling ...............................................................94 Table V-5: Scenario 1 worst case pollutants GLCs of the sensitive receptors by the subproject and corresponding date (mg/m3) ...........................................................96 Table V-6: Scenario 2 Cumulative worst case GLCs. Unit: mg/m3 .............................113 Table V-7: Main noise sources and mitigation measures ............................................125 Table V-8: Estimated noise level at the site boundaries during operation.................126 Table V-9: Estimated cumulative noise level at the site boundaries during operation Unit: dB(A) .................................................................................................................126 Table VI-1: Comparison and Selection of Subproject Site ...........................................130 Table VI-2: Comparison of different common municipal waste treatment .................131 Table VI-3: Comparison of different advanced municipal waste treatment methods132 Table VII-1: Survey information ......................................................................................143 Table VII-2: Project public consultation questionnaire (2019) .....................................145 Table VII-3: Questionnaire respondent information .....................................................145 Table VII-4: Public consultation questionnaire results ................................................146 Table VII-5: Project public consultation questionnaire (2019) .....................................148 Table VII-6: Summary data on questionnaire respondents..........................................152 Table VII-7: Public consultation questionnaire results. ...............................................153 List of Figures Figure I-1: Linyi City, Shandong Province .......................................................................18 Figure III-1: Subproject location in Shandong Province ................................................38 Figure III-2: Subproject location .......................................................................................39 Figure III-3: Steam turbine generator ...............................................................................46 Figure III-4: Subproject Layout .........................................................................................47 Figure III-5: Process and waste generation map.............................................................48 Figure IV-1: Subproject site location................................................................................57 Figure IV-2: Shandong Province in China .......................................................................58 Figure IV-3: Map of Shandong Province administrative divisions ................................59 Figure IV-4: Linyi topography ...........................................................................................61 Figure IV-5: Average Temperature Profile of Linyi .........................................................63 Figure IV-6: Linyi Wind Rose ............................................................................................63 Figure IV-7: Water resources in the subproject area ......................................................64 Figure IV-8: The PRC’s Air Quality Index (AQI) System .................................................65 Figure IV-9: Ambient air quality monitoring locations ...................................................67 Figure IV-10: Noise Monitoring location ..........................................................................75 Figure IV-11: Subproject site conditions .........................................................................77 Figure IV-12: Map of Linyi City administrative divisions................................................79 Figure V-1: Pingyi wind roses, based on data from 1999-2018 ....................................93 Figure V-2: SO2 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration...............103 Figure V-3: SO2 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration.............103 Figure V-4: SO2 contour map of worst case annual average concentration ..............104 Figure V-5: NO2 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration ..............104 Figure V-6: NO2 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration ............105 Figure V-7: NO2 contour map of worst case annual average concentration ..............105 Figure V-8: CO contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration................106 Figure V-9: CO contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration..............106 Figure V-10: PM10 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration .........107 Figure V-11: PM10 contour map of worst case annual average concentration...........107 Figure V-12: PM2.5 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration ........108 Figure V-13: PM2.5 contour map of worst case annual average concentration ..........108 Figure V-14: NH3 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration.............109 Figure V-15: H2S contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration.............109 Figure V-16: HCl contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration .............110 Figure V-17: HCl contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration ...........110 Figure V-18: Fluoride contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration .....111 Figure V-19: Fluoride contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration ...111 Figure V-20:SO2 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration............116 Figure V-21:SO2 contour map of worst case annual average concentration .............116 Figure V-22:CO contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration.............117 Figure V-23:NH3 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration..............117 Figure V-24:H2S contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration..............118 Figure V-25: HCl contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration .............118 Figure V-26: Fluoride contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration .....119 Figure VII-1: Information disclosure...............................................................................140 Figure VII-2: First information disclosure at nearby villages.......................................141 Figure VII-3: Second information disclosure at nearby villages .................................143 Figure VII-4: Public consultation activities held by IA..................................................152 Figure VIII-1: Five Step Project GRM ..............................................................................159 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Introduction 1. This environmental impact assessment (EIA) report has been prepared for the proposed Pingyi County Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Subproject of the Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region – China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation （I&G）’s Green Financing Platform Project (the Project) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The proposed Project is the second in a multi-year multi-sectoral Asian Development Bank (ADB) support for air quality improvement in the greater Beijing–Tianjin– Hebei (BTH) region. 2. This subproject will build a Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plan to treat domestic waste by incineration and generate power by waste heat recovery. The power generated will be sold to the Grid. The plant has a designed domestic waste incineration capacity of 600 tons per day. Main equipment includes two 300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators for waste incineration and one 12 MW straight condensing turbine for power generation. Annual incinerated solid waste will be 219,000 tons and annual generated power will be 62.14 million kWh. B. Policy, Legal Assessment and Administrative Framework for Environmental Impact 3. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures have been established in the PRC for over 20 years. Domestic EIA studies are required to be undertaken by relevant PRC environmental laws and regulations. National and local legal and institutional frameworks for EIA review and approval ensure that proposed projects are environmentally sound, designed to operate in line with applicable regulatory requirements, and are not likely to cause significant environment, health, social, or safety hazards. 4. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 has also been carefully considered. All applicable requirements of the SPS 2009 have been addressed in the EIA. C. Implementation Arrangements 5. China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) will be the executing agency (EA) and responsible for overall guidance during project preparation and implementation. China Tianying Co., Ltd (CNTY) will be the implementing agency (IA) and responsible for implementing the subproject and administering and monitoring contractors and suppliers. A project management office (PMO) will be established in CNTY and responsible for day-to-day management of the subproject. D. Project scope 6. The subproject scope includes: (i) 2×300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators with 1x12 MW straight condensing turbine; (ii) flue gas treatment facility; and (iii) leachate treatment workshop. Once completed, the subproject will incinerate 219,000 tons domestic waste and produce 62.14 million kWh power to the Grid annually. 13 E. Construction Schedule 7. total construction period for the subproject will be approximately 2 years. F. Description of the Environment i. Location and Topography 8. The subproject is located in Niushanhou Village, Pingyi Street, Pingyi County, Linyi City of Shandong Province. Linyi is an eco-friendly city that lies in the southeastern region of Shandong and is comprised of 12 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 9 counties 9. The urban area of Linyi lies on mostly flat land that gives way to more rugged terrain in the west and northwest of the Linyi's administrative area. The north and northwest of Linyi belong to the Monshan Zhongshan hilly area. Linyi’s landscape is evenly divided by the mountains, hills and flatlands. Mountain, hilly and plain area of Linyi is 2:4:4 ii. Meteorology and Climate 10. Linyi has a temperate continental climate with four distinct seasons. It is dry in the spring, hot and rainy in the summer, cool in the autumn, and dry and cold in the winter. The average annual temperature in Linyi is 13.5°C and the maximum recorded summer temperature was 41.97 °C. The average temperature in the 4 coldest months of winter is below 0°C, and the lowest maximum recorded temperature is -22.0°C. iii. Water Resources 11. Annual average water resource of Linyi was 5.16 billion. The per capita water resource is only 459 m3. 9 iv. Ecological and Sensitive Resources 12. The subproject site is in mountain valley. Natural flora within the subproject area is destroyed due to the mining activities in the past and there are no known ecological and/or sensitive resources in or near the subproject site v. Socioeconomic Conditions 13. In 2018, Linyi’s GDP was CNY 471.78 billion, of which the primary sector accounted for 7.8%; the secondary sector accounted for 43.0%; and the tertiary sector accounted for 49.2%. Per capita disposable income in 2018 was CNY 25,545 while in urban area was CNY 35,727 and in rural area was CNY 13,638. vi. Physical Cultural Resources 14. Linyi was an ancient source of Chinese civilization. The area was inhabited as early as four or five hundred thousand years ago. Five thousand years ago, people had mastered the craft of wine-making. It was the territory of Qi, Lu and Chu State before the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). 15. Linyi has a rich history. However, there are no known Physical and Cultural Resources (PCRs) at the subproject site or in a radius of 500 m from the subproject site and within the 14 airshed that could be affected by the subproject. G. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures 16. Anticipated positive and negative environmental impacts of the proposed subproject were assessed based on the domestic Feasibility Study Report (FSR), domestic EIA report, a technical due diligence review of the subproject undertaken by I&G consultant; public consultations led by IA and assisted by I&G consultant; and site visits, surveys and consultations undertaken by I&G consultant. 17. Pre-construction, construction and operation phases were considered separately. The results of the assessment indicate that during the pre-construction phase environmental issues are very limited and are mostly associated with ensuring appropriate incorporation of mitigation measures into the project design. 18. Potential negative environmental impacts during construction phase are short-term and localized, and are associated with soil erosion, construction noise, fugitive dust, disruption of traffic and community services, and risks to worker health and safety. These can be effectively mitigated through good construction and health and safety practices. 19. Potential negative impacts during operation phase are associated with air pollution, solid waste, wastewater, noise, and health and safety risks to workers and community. These can be effectively mitigated through good operation of the facility equipment, including air pollution control equipment, and health and safety practices 20. Potential positive operation phase impacts are significant and long-term and are associated with emissions reductions compared to equivalent heat and power production from coal-fired power plants. When compared to the equivalent production of power through traditional coal-fired sources, once operational the subproject will: (i) result in annual energy savings equivalent to 19,114.26 tons of coal equivalent (tce), thereby providing a global public good by avoiding the annual emission of 52,259.74 tons of CO2; (ii) improve local air quality through the estimated annual reduction of emissions of SO2 by 12.42 tons, NOx by 11.81 tons, and PM by 1.24 tons; and (iii) eliminate the negative impacts of coal transportation by truck or train. H. Alternative Analysis 21. Linyi is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province. In recent years, domestic waste in Linyi has increase a lot, from in to 407.4 t/d in 2012 to 513.4 t/d in 2016. Pingyi only has one landfill which can provide service for two more years. 22. Linyi City is one of the cities with severe air pollution in the Greater BTH region. In first half year of 2019, air quality of Linyi ranks 159 in 168 cities in China. 23. The subproject’s implementation will: (i) treat rapidly increasing domestic waste; (ii) significantly reduce coal consumption; (iii) improve air quality; and (iv) reduce GHG emissions. For these reasons the “no project” alternative is considered unacceptable. I. Information Disclosure and Public Consultations 24. Domestic EIA Institute has undertaken two rounds of public consultation and information 15 disclosure in accordance with the Guidelines on Public Consultation for EIA (2018) during domestic EIA process. 25. During the EIA preparation phase, questionnaires survey and consultation meetings were conducted by the EIA institute at January 2019. Besides, according to ADB SPS’s requirements, the CNTY held an additional public consultation in June 2019 by the EA with the assistance from the environment consultant. The overall support for the subproject is very strong. 26. Meaningful consultation will continue throughout detailed design, construction, and operation phases, including information disclosure by the project proponent and posting of project information on village notice boards. J. Grievance Redress Mechanism 27. A subproject-level grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to receive and facilitate resolution of complaints during the construction and operation phases. The GRM includes procedures for receiving grievances, recording/documenting key information, and evaluating and responding to the complainants in a reasonable timeframe. Any concerns raised through the GRM will be addressed quickly and transparently, and without retribution to the affected persons. K. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 28. A comprehensive EMP has been developed to ensure: (i) implementation of identified mitigation and management measures to avoid, reduce, mitigate, and compensate for anticipated adverse environment impacts; (ii) implementation of monitoring and reporting against the performance indicators; and (iii) compliance with the PRC’s relevant environmental laws, standards and regulations and the ADB’s SPS 2009. The EMP includes an environment monitoring plan (EMoP) to monitor the environmental impacts of the subproject and assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures, and a capacity building and training program focused on health, safety and environment. Organizational responsibilities and budgets are clearly identified for implementation, monitoring and reporting. The EMP is presented in Appendix I. L. Risks and Key Assurances 29. The IA has limited experience in ADB’s projects. To support effective implementation of the EMP, (i) a full-time Environment and Social Officer will be appointed in the PMO; (ii) a parttime loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC) will be recruited by I&G to support the PMO; (iii) pre-construction readiness monitoring and defined roles and responsibilities of all relevant agencies have been included in the EMP; and (iv) staff will receive training on ADB’s environment safeguard requirements and EMP implementation. M. Conclusion 30. Through the environmental assessment process, it is concluded that the subproject has: (i) selected appropriate technologies to improve energy structure and reduce the emission of pollutants; (ii) identified potential negative environment impacts and established mitigation measures; (iii) received public support from the subproject beneficiaries and affected people; (iv) established project-level GRM procedures; and (v) prepared a comprehensive EMP including environmental management and supervision structure, environmental mitigation and monitoring 16 plans, and capacity building and training. 31. Overall, any significant adverse environmental impacts associated with the subproject can be prevented, reduced, or minimized through the appropriate application of mitigation measures. 17 I. A. INTRODUCTION The Project 1. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is prepared for the proposed Pingyi County Waste-to-Energy Plant Subproject of the Air Quality Improvement in the Greater BeijingTianjin-Hebei Region – China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project (the Project) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The proposed Project is the second in a multi-year multi-sectoral Asian Development Bank (ADB) support for air quality improvement in the greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region. 2. This subproject will build a Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plant to treat domestic waste by incineration and generate power by waste heat recovery. The power generated will be sold to the Grid. The plant has a designed domestic waste incineration capacity of 600 tons per day. Main equipment includes two 300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators for waste incineration and one 12 MW straight condensing turbine for power generation. Annual incinerated solid waste will be 219,000 tons and annual generated power will be 62.14 million kWh. 3. The subproject scope includes: (i) 2×300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators with 1x12 MW straight condensing turbine; (ii) flue gas treatment facility; and (iii) leachate treatment workshop. Once completed, the subproject will incinerate 219,000 tons domestic waste and produce 62.14 million kWh power to the Grid annually. B. Introduction of Borrower 4. China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) will be the executing agency (EA) and responsible for overall guidance during subproject preparation and implementation. China Tianying Co., Ltd (CNTY) will be the implementing agency (IA) and responsible for implementing the subproject and administering and monitoring contractors and suppliers. A project management office (PMO) will be established in CNTY and responsible for day-to-day management of the subproject. 5. CNTY was founded in December 1984 with a registered capital of 2.4 billion CNY. It is a public listed company in Shenzhen stock exchange market. Its main businesses are investment, construction and operation of municipal environmental infrastructure projects and research, development, production and sales of environmental protection equipment. Its main businesses range from waste-to-energy power generation, treatment of sludge, wastewater, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and domestic waste. 6. In Quarter 1 of 2019, CNTY owns 41.3 billion CNY in assets. It operated in 31 countries and regions with nearly 60,000 employees. It owns around 400 solid waste treatment facilities in the world with a total solid waste treatment capacity of 82,090 t/d. C. Report Purpose 7. This report, including an EMP is prepared following both national regulations and ADB’s environmental safeguard requirements specified in the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009). The EMP is presented in Appendix I. 18 D. Approach to Report Preparation 8. This report has been prepared based on a domestic Feasibility Study Report (FSR); domestic environmental impact assessment (EIA) report; a technical due diligence review of the FSR undertaken by I&G consultant; public consultations with key stakeholders and affected persons; and site visits, surveys and consultations undertaken by I&G. E. Report Structure 9. This EIA report consists of an executive summary, nine chapters and one appendix. The report is structured as follows: Executive Summary Summarizes critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions. I Introduction Introduces the proposed subproject, report purpose, approach to EIA preparation and EIA structure. II Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework Discusses PRC’s and ADB’s environmental assessment legal and institutional frameworks, status of approval of the domestic EIA reports, and applicable environmental guidelines and standards. III Description of the Project Describes the subproject rationale, scope, subprojects, location, key features, implementation arrangements, budget and time schedule. IV Description of the Environment Describes relevant physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions within the subproject area. V Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Describes impacts predicted to occur as a result of the subproject and identifies the mitigation measures which will be implemented. VI Analysis of Alternatives Presents an analysis of alternatives undertaken to determine the best way of achieving the subproject objectives while minimizing environmental and social impacts. VII Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation Describes the process undertaken for engaging stakeholders and carrying out information disclosure and public consultation. 19 VIII Grievance Redress Mechanism Describes the subproject grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for resolving complaints. IX Conclusion and Recommendation Presents conclusions drawn from the assessment and recommendations. Appendix 10. Appendix I presents the EMP, including required construction and operation phase environmental mitigation measures, EMoP, reporting requirements, and capacity building. Other appendices present supporting documentation and approvals, and coal and emission reduction factors and calculations. 18 Figure I-1: Linyi City, Shandong Province 19 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 11. This EIA has been prepared in accordance with both the PRC’s national and local environmental legal and institutional framework and environmental assessment requirements, and applicable ADB policies, requirements and procedures. A. Applicable ADB Policies, Regulations and Requirements 12. The main applicable ADB policies, regulations, requirements and procedures for EIA are the Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) and the Environmental Safeguards – A Good Practice Sourcebook (2012), which jointly provides the basis for this EIA. The SPS promotes good international practice as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. 13. The SPS establishes an environmental review process to ensure that projects undertaken as part of programs funded through ADB loans are environmentally sound, are designed to operate in line with applicable regulatory requirements, and are not likely to cause significant environment, health, social, or safety hazards. 14. At an early stage in the project cycle, typically the project identification stage, ADB screens and categorizes proposed projects based on the significance of potential project impacts and risks. A project’s environment category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive subproject, including direct, indirect, induced, and cumulative impacts. Project screening and categorization are undertaken to: 15. (i) reflect the significance of the project’s potential environmental impacts; (ii) identify the type and level of environmental assessment and institutional resources required for the safeguard measures proportionate to the nature, scale, magnitude and sensitivity of the proposed project’s potential impacts; and, (iii) determine consultation and disclosure requirements. ADB assigns a proposed project to one of the following categories: (i) Category A. Proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented; impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. A full EIA including an EMP is required. (ii) Category B. Proposed project’s potential environmental impacts are less adverse and fewer in number than those of category A projects; impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and impacts can be readily addressed through mitigation measures. An initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP, is required. (iii) Category C. Proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed. 20 (iv) Category FI. Proposed project involves the investment of ADB funds to, or through, a financial intermediary. 16. The subproject has been classified as environment category A and thus an EIA is required. 17. The SPS 2009 requires a number of additional considerations, including: (i) project risk and respective mitigation measures and project assurances; (ii) project-level grievance redress mechanism; (iii) definition of the project area of influence; (iv) physical cultural resources damage prevention analysis; (v) climate change mitigation; (vi) occupational and community health and safety requirements (including emergency preparedness and response); (vii) economic displacement that is not part of land acquisition; (viii) biodiversity conservation and natural resources management requirements; (ix) provision of sufficient justification if local standards are used; (x) assurance of adequate consultation and participation; and (xi) assurance that the EMP includes an implementation schedule and measurable performance indicators. These requirements, which may not be covered in the domestic EIA, have been considered, and all applicable environmental requirements in the SPS 2009 are covered in this EIA. 18. During the design, construction, and operation phases of a project, the SPS also requires the borrower to follow environmental standards consistent with good international practice (GIP), as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s EHS Guidelines. 1 The EHS Guidelines contain discharge effluent, air emissions, and other numerical guidelines and performance indicators as well as prevention and control approaches that are normally acceptable to ADB and are generally considered to be achievable at reasonable costs by existing technology. When host country regulations differ from these levels and measures, the borrower is to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the borrower is required to provide justification for any proposed alternatives. 1F B. PRC Environmental Legal Framework 19. The environmental protection and management system in the PRC consist of a welldefined hierarchy of regulatory, administrative and technical institutions. At the top level the People’s Congress of the PRC has the authority to pass and revise national environmental laws; the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE, former Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)) under the State Council promulgates national environmental regulations; and the MEE either separately or jointly with the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine issues national environmental standards. Provincial and local governments can also issue provincial and local environmental regulations and guidelines in accordance with the national ones. In addition, national and local five-year environmental protection plans form an important part of the legal framework. 20. Key applicable PRC environmental laws are listed in Table II-1 including associated regulations and decrees that support their implementation. Guidelines for EIA implementation are listed in Table II-2. 1 The guidelines applied for this subproject are Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines and Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Waste Management Facilities. These guidelines can be found at http://www.ifc.org/ehsguidelines. 21 21. The most far-reaching law on pollution prevention and control is the Environmental Protection Law (EPL) (1989, amended 2014, effective 2015 and item 2 in Table II-1), which sets out key principles for the country’s pollution control system, including the policy known as the “Three Simultaneities Policy” 2, the application of pollution levies, and requirements for EIA. The implementation of the “Three Simultaneities Policy” was further strengthened by decrees on its implementation (items 28 and 30) and the Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulation (item 19). 2F 22. The amended EPL further defines enforcement and supervision responsibilities for all levels of environmental protection authorities, imposes stricter obligations and more severe penalties on enterprises and construction units regarding pollution prevention and control, and allows for environmental public interest litigation including through nongovernment organizations. The procedures and requirements for the technical review of EIA reports by authorities have been specified (Table II-1 item 4), and environmental inspection and enforcement on design, installation, and operation of project-specific environmental protection and control measures are regulated under the “Three Simultaneities Policy” (Table II-1 items 5, 15, 25, 26, and 28). 23. Public participation and environmental information disclosure provisions are among the most significant changes introduced in the amended EPL, further supported by the decrees on the preparation of EIA summaries for public disclosure (item 26), information disclosure on construction project EIAs by government (item 24), method for public participation in environmental protection (item 22), and technical guidelines for public participation in EIAs. 24. For grievance redress, a hotline number (12369) was established in March 2011 at each level of environmental protection authority throughout the country for receiving and resolving environmental complaints, in accordance with the Management Measures for Operation of the Environmental Complaint Hotline (MEP Decree 2010 No. 15 [item 29]). 25. The PRC also provides protection for community health and occupational health and safety through the Labor Law (1994) (item 13), the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law (2001) (item 5), PRC Safety Production Law (item 4), State Administrative Regulations of Safety Production (item 18) and environmental and hygiene standards for construction sites. Table II-1: Applicable PRC Environmental Laws, Regulations, and Decrees No. 2 Laws Year Issued/Updated 1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Law 2016 2 Environmental Protection Law 2015 3 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law 2015 4 Safety Production Law 2014 5 Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law 2011 The “Three Simultaneities Policy” requires the design, construction, and operation of pollution control and treatment facilities to occur simultaneously with the project design, construction, and operation. 22 6 Water and Soil Conservation Law 2011 7 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law 2010 No. Laws 8 Urban and Rural Planning Law 2008 9 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law 2005 10 Water Law 2002 11 Cultural Relics Protection Law 2002 12 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law 1999 13 Labor Law 1995 Year Issued/Updated Regulations 14 15 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (State Council Announcement No. 37) Policy on Integrated Techniques for Air Pollution Prevention and Control of Small Particulates (MEP Announcement No. 59) 2013 2013 16 Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2009 17 Cultural Relics Protection Law Implementation Regulation 2003 18 State Administrative Regulations of Safety Production 2003 19 Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulation 1998 20 Wild Plant Protection Regulation 1996 Decrees and Announcements 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Directory for the Management of Construction Project EIA Categorization (MEP Decree 2018-1) Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Protection (MEP Decree 2015-35) Management Measures for Environmental Impact Post Assessment of Construction Projects (on trial) (MEP Decree 2015-37) Government Information Disclosure of Construction Project EIA (on trial) (MEP Announcement No. 103) Measures for Environmental Supervision (MEP Decree 2012-21) Requirement for Preparation of EIA Report Summary (MEP Announcement 2012-51) Strengthening of EIA Management for Prevention of Environmental Risk (MEP Announcement 2012-77) Opinion from the State Council on Important Tasks for Strengthening Environmental Protection (State Council Announcement 2011-35) Management Measures for Operation of the Environmental Complaint Hotline (MEP Decree 2010-15) 2018 2015 2015 2013 2012 2012 2012 2011 2010 23 30 31 Management Procedures for the Supervision, Inspection and Environmental Acceptance of Construction Projects under the “Three Simultaneities” (on trial) (MEP Announcement 2009-150) Specifications on the Management of Urban Construction and Demolition Waste (Ministry of Construction Decree 2005-139) No. Laws 32 Management Measures for Inspection and Acceptance of Environmental Protection at Construction Project Completion (MEP Decree 2001-13) 2009 2005 Year Issued/Updated 2001 Source: Consultant. C. PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Framework and Procedures 26. EIA administrative framework. The administrative framework for EIA in the PRC consists of national, provincial, and local (city and county) environmental protection authorities. The national authority is the MEE, which promulgates laws, regulations, administrative decrees, technical guidelines, and environmental quality and emission standards on EIA and pollution prevention and control. At the provincial level, there are ecology and environment departments (EEDs), which act as gatekeepers for EIA and pollution prevention and control in the provinces. They are often delegated authority by the MEE to review and approve EIA reports for development planning and construction projects, except for those projects with national interest and those that cross provincial boundaries. The local (city or county level) ecology and environment bureaus (EEB) enforce environmental laws and conduct environmental monitoring within city or county limits. Local EEBs can also be delegated the authority to approve EIA reports by the provincial EEDs. EEDs and EEBs are supported by environmental monitoring stations (EMS), which are subsidiaries of EEDs or EEBs and are qualified entities to carry out environmental monitoring. 27. The former MEP’s “Guideline on Jurisdictional Division of Review and Approval of EIAs for Construction Projects” (2009) defines which construction project EIAs require former MEP review and approval, and which EIAs are delegated to the provincial EEDs. 28. The PRC has a qualification and registration system for EIA and only qualified and registered institutes and individuals are allowed to prepare EIAs. Under MEP Decree 2015-36, as of 1 November 2015 qualified institutes for conducting EIAs for construction projects in the PRC can no longer be a subsidiary of an environmental authority responsible for approving EIAs. 29. EIA legal framework. EIA is governed by the Environmental Impact Assessment Law (2016) (Table II-1 item 1), covering EIAs for (i) plans (such as new development areas and new industrial parks) and strategic environmental assessments (SEA), and (ii) construction projects. This was followed by the promulgation of two regulations: the Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulation (1998) (item 19) and the Planning Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (2009) (item 16), both of which require early screening and environmental categorization. 30. EIA procedures. EIA procedures have been established in the PRC for over 20 years. In 2008, former MEP issued “Management Guideline on EIA Categories of Construction Projects” (revised 2017). Under MEE decree, Directory for the Management of Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Categorization (MEP Decree 2018-1) (item 21) provides detailed EIA requirements for 50 sectors and 192 subsectors and classifies EIAs for construction projects into three categories with different reporting requirements based on the “significance” of potential environmental impact due to the project nature and the environmental 24 sensitivity 3 of the project site as described in the directory. The directory provides detailed EIA requirements for 50 sectors and 192 subsectors: 3F (i) Category A: projects with significant adverse environmental impacts, for which a full EIA report is required; (ii) Category B: projects with adverse environmental impacts which are of a lesser degree and/or significance than those of Category A, for which a simplified tabular EIA report is required; and (iii) Category C: projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts, for which an EIA registration form is required. 31. A full EIA report for category A and a simplified tabular EIA report for category B are similar to ADB’s EIA and IEE reports, respectively. The registration form of an EIA is similar to an ADB Category C project. 32. EIA follow-up actions. In 2015, the MEP issued decree Management Measures for Environmental Impact Post Assessment of Construction Projects (MEP Decree 2015-37, item 23 of Table II-1). Under this decree, a trial program was implemented on 1 January 2016 requiring follow-up actions 3 to 5 years after commencement of project operation for large infrastructure and industrial projects or projects located in environmentally sensitive areas. These actions include environmental monitoring and impact assessment to verify the effectiveness of environmental protection measures and to undertake any corrective actions that might be needed. The decree also specifies that the institute that did the original impact assessment for the project cannot undertake environmental impact post-assessment for the same project. 33. EIA guidelines. The MEE has issued a series of technical guidelines for preparing EIAs (Table II-2). These include impact assessment guidelines on general EIA implementation and principles, atmospheric environment and ambient air quality, noise, surface water, groundwater, ecology and regional biodiversity, biodiversity monitoring, quality management on environmental monitoring, and public participation. Table II-2: Applicable PRC EIA guidelines No. 3 Guideline Date 1 HJ 192-2015 Technical Criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation 2015 2 HJ 130-2014 Technical Guidelines for Planning EIA - General Principles 2014 3 HJ 663-2013 Technical Regulation for Ambient Air Quality Assessment (on trial) 2013 4 HJ 2.1-2011 Technical Guidelines for EIA – General Program 2011 Environmentally-sensitive areas are defined in the Decree, and include (i) nature reserves and protected areas, scenic areas, world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking water source protection zones; (ii) basic farmland and grassland, forest parks, geological parks, important wetland, natural woodland, critical habitats for endangered plant and animal species, important aquatic spawning/nursery/wintering/migration grounds, regions suffering from water resource shortage, serious soil erosion areas, desertification protection areas, eutrophic water bodies; and (iii) inhabited areas with major residential, health care, scientific research, and administration functions, cultural heritage protection sites, and protection areas with historical, cultural, scientific, and ethnic values. 25 5 HJ 19-2011 Technical Guidelines for EIA – Ecological Impact 2011 6 HJ 616-2011 Guidelines for Technical Review of EIA on Construction Projects 2011 7 HJ 623-2011 Standard for the Assessment of Regional Biodiversity 2011 No. Guideline Date 8 HJ 630-2011 Technical Guideline on Environmental Monitoring Quality Management 2011 9 Technical Guidelines for EIA - Public Participation (public comment version), (Jan. 2011) 2011 10 HJ 610-2011 Technical Guidelines for EIA – Groundwater Environment 2011 11 HJ 2.4-2009 Technical Guidelines for EIA – Acoustic Environment 2009 12 HJ 2.2-2008 Technical Guidelines for EIA – Atmospheric Environment 2008 13 HJ/T 393-2007 Technical Specifications for Urban Fugitive Dust Pollution 2007 14 JG/J 146-2004 Environmental and Hygiene Standards for Construction Sites 2004 15 HJ/T 2.3-1993 Technical Guidelines for EIA – Surface Water Environment 1993 Source: ADB consultants. D. Project Domestic EIA Report 34. Under MEE Decree on Management Guideline on EIA Categories of Construction Projects (MEP Decree 2018-1), the project requires a full EIA report. The domestic EIA report was prepared by Shandong Academy of Environmental Science. The company is certified by the MEE to undertake category A, B, and C assessments. 35. Domestic EIA was approved by Linyi Administrative Approval Service Bureau on 21 August 2019. . E. Relevant International Agreements 36. The PRC has signed a number of international agreements regarding environmental and biological protection. Those which have potential application to the subproject are listed in Table II-3. Table II-3: Applicable international agreements No. 1 Agreement Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat Year 1975 Purpose Preventing the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands for now and the future 2 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1986 Conserving cultural and natural heritage sites. 3 Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 4 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 1994 Stabilizing greenhouse gas (GHG) 26 No. 5 6 Agreement Year United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification 1996 Fighting against desertification and mitigating the effects of drought. 2002 Controlling emissions of anthropogenic GHGs in ways that reflect underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the reductions. Kyoto Protocol Purpose concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent anthropogenic induced climate change. 7 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2004 Safeguarding human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs), ascertaining sound management of stockpiles and wastes that contain POPs, and taking measures to reduce or eradicate releases from intentional production and use of POPs. 8 Paris climate agreement 2015 Dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. 2017 A global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. 9 Minamata Convention on Mercury Source: Consultants. F. Applicable PRC Environmental Quality Standards 37. PRC environmental standards. Standards issued by the MEE generally consist of environmental quality (ambient) standards applicable to the receiving environment and emission standards applicable to the pollution sources. The former includes standards for ambient air quality, noise and vibration, surface water, groundwater, soil, etc. The latter includes standards for integrated wastewater discharge, construction and community noise, odor and air pollutants, etc. (Table II-4). Table II-4: Applicable PRC environmental standards No. Standard Code/Date 1 Ambient Air Quality Standards GB 3095-2012 2 Quality Standards for Groundwater GB/T 14848-2017 3 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water GB 3838-2002 4 Environmental Quality Standards for Noise GB 3096-2008 5 Environmental Quality Standards for Soil GB 15618-1995 6 Noise Standards for Construction Site Boundary GB 12523-2011 27 7 Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises at Site Boundary 8 Emission standards for Odor Pollutants 9 Air Pollutant Integrated Emission Standards 10 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards 11 Emission Standard for Community Noise 12 Standard of Environmental Vibration in Urban Area 13 Technical Function 14 Standard for Flood Control Limits and Measurement Methods for Crankcase Pollutants from Heavy-duty Vehicles Equipped with Pressure Ignition Engines GB 11340-2005 15 Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicle Compression-Ignition and Gas Fueled Ignition Engines GB 17691-2005 16 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicles Equipped with Ignition Engines GB 18285 -2005 17 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles GB 18352-2005 18 Specifications for Regionalizing GB 12348-2008 GB 14554-93 GB 16297-1996 GB 8978-1996 GB 22337-2008 Environmental GB 10070-88 Noise GB/T 15190-2014 GB 50210-94 Source: Consultant and domestic EIA report. 38. As noted above, ADB’s SPS requires borrowers to follow environmental standards consistent with good international practice as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s EHS Guidelines. When host country regulations differ from these levels and measures, the borrower is to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the borrower/client is required to provide justification for any proposed alternatives. Both PRC standards and EHS guidelines are used in this assessment as described below. 1. Ambient Air Quality Standards 39. Ambient air quality limits are intended to indicate safe exposure levels for the majority of the population, including the very young and the elderly, throughout an individual’s lifetime. Limits are given for one or more specific averaging periods, typically one-hour average, 24-hour average, and/or annual average. The PRC’s recently updated Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012) has two classes of limit values; Class 1 standards apply to special areas such as natural reserves and environmentally sensitive areas, and Class 2 standards apply to all other areas, including urban and industrial areas. The PRC standards for Class 2 areas are applicable for the subproject. 4 4F 4 On 29 February 2012, the China State Council passed the roadmap for ambient air quality standards with the aim of improving the living environment and protecting human health. The Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 30952012) prescribes the first-ever limits for PM2.5. It also modified the previous area classifications by combining Class III (special industrial areas) with Class II (residential, mixed use areas). 28 40. The World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines are recognized as international guidelines and are adopted by the World Bank Group’s EHS Guidelines. In addition to guideline values, interim targets (IT) are given for each pollutant by the WHO as incremental targets in a progressive reduction of air pollution and are intended for use in areas where pollution is high. The WHO guidelines and corresponding PRC standards are presented in Table II-5. 41. From a review of Table II-5, it can be observed that:  For TSP, there are PRC annual average and 24-hour average standards but no corresponding WHO guidelines.  For PM10, PRC Class 2 annual average and 24-hour average standards meet WHO IT-1 guidelines (there are no 1-hour average standards or guidelines for either PRC or WHO).  For PM2.5, PRC Class 2 annual and 24-hour standards meet WHO IT-1 guidelines (there are no 1-hour standards or guidelines for either PRC or WHO).  For SO2, WHO only has a 24-hour average guideline (0.125 mg/m3), which is slightly lower than the PRC Class II 24-hour average standard (0.150 mg/m3).  For NO2, the PRC Class 2 annual average standard is equivalent to the WHO annual average guidelines, there is no WHO 24-hour average guideline; and the 1-hour average PRC standard is equivalent to the WHO guideline.  For O3, the PRC class I 1-hour average standard is equivalent to the WHO 1hour average guideline and PRC 1-hour average class II standard is equivalent to the WHO IT-1 1-hour average guideline.  For CO, there are PRC 1-hour average and 24-hour average standards but no corresponding WHO guidelines. Table II-5: PRC Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO ambient air quality guidelines, μg/m3 Air Quality parameter Averaging period PRC Ambient Air Quality Standard WHO/EHS Guidelines Class I Class II Interim Targets-1 Interim Targets-2 Interim Targets-3 Air quality guideline annual 80 200 NA NA NA NA 24-hour 120 300 NA NA NA NA annual 40 70 70 50 30 20 24-hour 50 150 150 100 75 50 annual 15 35 35 25 15 10 24-hour 35 75 75 50 37.5 25 annual 20 60 NA NA NA NA 24-hour 50 150 125 50 NA 20 1-hour 150 500 NA NA NA NA TSP PM10 PM2.5 SO2 29 NO2 O3 CO annual 40 40 NA NA NA 40 24-hour 80 80 NA NA NA NA 1-hour 200 200 NA NA NA 200 8-hour 100 160 160 NA NA 100 1-hour 160 200 NA NA NA NA 24-hour 4,000 4,000 NA NA NA NA 8-hour NA NA NA NA NA NA 1-hour 10,000 10,000 NA NA NA NA NA= not applicable. Source: WHO Air Quality Guidelines (2006) in IFC EHS Guidelines (2007), and PRC GB 3095-2012. 42. The subproject is located at Shandong Province which has one of the most important regional economies in the PRC. Overall the PRC Class II standards show a high degree of equivalency to the WHO IT-1 values and are adopted for use in this EIA report except for SO2 24-hour average concentration, WHO IT-1 value for 24-hour average SO2 concentration will be adopted in this EIA report. 2. Waste incineration plant Emissions 43. Table II-6 presents the relevant PRC national waste incineration emission standards compared with relevant international guidelines (Air Emission Standards for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator in EU and USA from EHS Guidelines for Waste Management Facilities). The PRC standards and USA guidelines are not comparable because the units are different. However, more stringent standards among PRC standards and EU standards are applicable to the subproject. Table II-6: Relevant PRC Standard and Relevant International Guidelines Parameter Stack Height Standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration in China (GB 18485 -2014) For the plant with a capacity no less than 300 t/y, the stack height must be ˃ 60 m. Air Emission Standards for MSW incinerator in EU Air Emission Standards for MSW incinerator in USA Standards adopted in the EIA report NA NA The stack height must be ˃ 60 m. PM 20 mg/Nm3 10 mg/Nm3 20 mg/dscm 10 mg/Nm3 SO2 80 mg/Nm3 50 mg/Nm3 30 ppmv 50 mg/Nm3 NOx 200 mg/Nm3 200-400 mg/Nm3 150 ppmv 200 mg/Nm3 HCl 50 mg/Nm3 10 mg/Nm3 25 ppmv 10 mg/Nm3 30 Mercury 0.05 mg/Nm3 0.05-0.1 mg/Nm3 0.05 mg/dscm 0.05 mg/Nm3 Cadmium 0.1 mg/Nm3 0.05-0.1 mg/Nm3 0.01 mg/dscm 0.05 mg/Nm3 Total metals 1.0 mg/Nm3 0.5-1.0 mg/Nm3 NA 0.5 mg/Nm3 Dioxin 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 13 ng/dscm 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 CO 80 mg/Nm3 50-150 mg/Nm3 50-150 ppmv 50 mg/Nm3 Source: WHO EHS Guideline for Waste Management Facilities and PRC GB 18485 -2014. 44. The subproject will install dust removal/collection equipment for ash warehouse and the particulate matter emission standard of the dust removal/collection equipment is regulated by Shandong Province’s integrated particulate matter emission standard for stationary sources in Shandong Province (DB 37/1996-2011), which sets 30 mg/m3 as the maximum allowable emission concentration at the outlet of the dust collection equipment. There is no equivalent guidelines recommended in the EHS Guidelines, and the PRC standard is adopted for use in this EIA report. 3. Odor pollutant 45. Odor pollutant generated from the subproject operation is regulated under PRC’s Emission standards for Odor Pollutants (GB 14554-93). There are no equivalent guidelines recommended in the EHS Guidelines, and the PRC standard is adopted for use in this EIA report. Table II-7: Applicable odor pollutant standard No. Parameter Category II Standard at the site boundary (mg/m3, Odor concentration excluded) 1 Ammonia 2.0 2 Trimethylamine 0.15 3 H 2S 0.10 4 Methyl mercaptan 0.01 5 Dimethyl sulfide 0.15 6 Dimethyl disulfide 0.13 7 Carbon disulfide 5.0 8 Styrene 7.0 9 Odor concentration 30 Source: PRC GB 14554-93. 4. Fugitive Particulate Matter Emission 31 46. Fugitive emission of particulate matter such as dust from construction site and operation sites is regulated under Shandong Province’s Integrated particulate matter emission standard for stationary sources in Shandong Province (DB 37/1996-2011), which sets 120 mg/m3 as the maximum allowable emission concentration and ≤ 1.0 mg/m3 as the concentration limit at the boundary of construction sites, with no specification on the particular matter’s particle diameter. There are no equivalent standards recommended in the EHS Guidelines, and the PRC standard is adopted for use in this EIA report. 5. Surface Water 47. PRC’s Surface Water Ambient Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) defines five water quality categories for different environmental functions. For example, Category I is the best, such as water at sources of rivers and National Nature Reserves. Category V is the worst quality, suitable only for agricultural and scenic water uses. Based on information collection and site visit, Category IV water quality standard (see Table II-8) is applicable for the surface water near the subproject site which is Jun River which is used as general industrial water. There are no applicable EHS guidelines or target for water quality in this context, and the PRC standard is adopted for use in this EIA report. Table II-8: Applicable surface water standard. Unit: mg/l, pH excluded Water Quality Category No. Parameter I II III IV V 1 pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 2 Dissolved Oxygen 90% saturation or ≥7.5 ≥6 ≥5 ≥3 ≥2 3 CODMn ≤2 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 ≤15 4 CODCr ≤15 ≤15 ≤20 ≤30 ≤40 5 BOD5 ≤3 ≤3 ≤4 ≤6 ≤10 6 NH3-N ≤0.15 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 TP ≤0.02 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.4 ≤0.01 ≤0.025 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤2.0 7 8 For lakes and reservoirs TN (N for lakes and reservoirs) 9 Copper ≤0.01 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 10 Zinc ≤0.05 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤2.0 11 Fluoride ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 12 Selenium ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 13 Arsenic ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.1 32 14 Total Mercury ≤0.00005 ≤0.00005 ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 15 Cadmium ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 16 Hexavalent Chromium ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 17 Lead ≤0.01 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 18 Cyanide ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 19 Volatile Phenol ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.1 20 Sulfide ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 21 Petroleum ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.5 ≤1.0 22 Anionic surfactant ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤0.3 23 Coliforms ≤200 ≤2000 ≤10000 ≤40000 ≤40000 Note: CODMn = permanganate index; CODcr = chemical oxygen demand; BOD5 = 5 days biochemical oxygen demand; NH3-N= ammonia nitrogen; TP = Total Phosphorus; TN = Total Nitrogen. Source: PRC GB3838-2002. 6. Groundwater 48. PRC’s Groundwater Water Ambient Quality Standard (GB/T14848-2017) also defines a number of water quality categories for different environmental functions. As shallow groundwater near the Plant is primarily used for irrigation, the Category III standard is applicable (Table II-9). There is no equivalent guideline recommended in the EHS Guidelines, and the PRC standard is adopted for use in this EIA report. Table II-9: Applicable groundwater standard No. Parameter Unit Category III Standard 1 pH - 6.5-8.5 2 CODMn mg/l 3.0 3 Sulfate mg/l 250 4 Chloride mg/l 250 5 Volatile Phenols mg/l 0.002 6 Total hardness (CaCO3) mg/l 450 7 Nitrate NO3- mg/l 20 8 Nitrite NO2- mg/l 1.0 9 NH3-N mg/l 0.5 33 No. Parameter Unit Category III Standard 10 Molybdenum mg/l 0.2 11 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 12 Cadmium mg/l 0.005 13 Chromium VI mg/l 0.05 14 Arsenic mg/l 0.01 15 Zinc mg/l 1.0 16 Fluoride mg/l 1.0 17 Lead mg/l 0.01 18 Iron mg/l 0.3 19 Manganese mg/l 0.1 20 Copper mg/l 1.0 21 Selenium mg/l 0.01 22 Benzene mg/l 0.01 23 Methylbenzene mg/l 0.7 24 Total coliforms /L 3.0 25 Colony forming unit /L 100 26 Mercury mg/l 0.001 27 Total dissolved solid mg/l 1000 CODMn = permanganate index; CODcr = chemical oxygen demand; BOD5 = 5 days biochemical oxygen demand; NO3- = Nitrate; NO2- = Nitrite; NH3-N= ammonia nitrogen; TP = Total Phosphorus; TN = total nitrogen. Source: PRC GB/T14848-2017. 7. Wastewater Discharge 49. Table II-10 presents the relevant PRC wastewater discharge standards. The EHS Guidelines indicate that wastewater discharged to public or private wastewater treatment systems should: meet the pretreatment and monitoring requirements of the sewer treatment system into which it discharges; not interfere, directly or indirectly, with the operation and maintenance of the collection and treatment systems, or pose a risk to worker health and safety, or adversely impact characteristics of residuals from wastewater treatment operations; and be discharged into municipal or centralized wastewater treatment systems that have adequate capacity to meet local regulatory requirements for treatment of wastewater generated from the project. 34 50. The subproject will generate leachate and production wastewater during operation period. A wastewater treatment workshop will be built for treatment of leachate and production wastewater. Then the subproject will discharge treated leachate, treated production wastewater and domestic wastewater to the municipal sewer systems for treatment at existing Dongcheng wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Pingyi County. This WWTP treated all the domestic wastewater in Pingyi County and is about 5 km away from the subproject site. The wastewater discharges will be required to meet Class B maximum acceptable concentrations (MACs) in Wastewater Quality Standards for Discharge to Municipal Sewers (GB/T 31962-2015), and the WWTP discharges are required to meet Class 1A of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB 18918-2002). Table II-10: PRC Wastewater Quality Standards for Discharge to Municipal Sewers No. Maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) mg/L (except pH and chromacity) Pollutant Class B 1 pH 6.5-9.5 2 SS 400 3 COD 500 4 Ammonia nitrogen 45 5 TDS 2000 6 Chromacity 70 7 BOD 350 8 Total phosphorus 8 Source: PRC GB/T 31962-2015. 8. Noise 51. Table II-11 presents the relevant PRC Urban Noise Standards compared with relevant international guidelines from the WHO (as presented in the EHS Guidelines). The classes within the standards are not directly comparable, but the PRC Category I standards are equivalent to WHO Class I standards, Category II standards are less stringent than WHO Class I standards and Category III standards are stringent than WHO Class II standards. Because Category III standard is applicable to the subproject area and Category II standard is applicable to the nearby sensitive receptors, Category III for subproject area and Category I for sensitive receptors are utilized in this EIA report. 35 Table II-11: PRC Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008) and relevant international guidelines PRC Standards Leq dB(A) Category Day 06-22h 0: Areas needing extreme quiet, such 50 as special health zones I: Mainly residential; and cultural and 55 educational institutions II: Mixed residential, commercial and 60 industrial areas Night 22-06h International Standards One Hour Leq dB(A) Day Night 07-22h 22-07h Comparison 40 45 50 III: Industrial areas 65 55 IV: Area on both sides of urban trunk roads 70 55 WHO Class I: residential, institutional, educational: 55 WHO Class I: Residential, institutional, educational: 45 WHO Class II: industrial, commercial: 70 WHO Class II: Industrial, Commercial: 70 Classes are not directly comparable, but PRC Class II standards are more stringent than WHO Class II standards. PRC standards are utilized in this report. For sensitive receptors, PRC and WHO Class 1 standards are utilized. Source: WHO Noise Quality Guidelines (1999) in IFC EHS Guidelines (2007), and PRC GB3096-2008. 52. Table II-12 presents the relevant PRC standards for on-site construction noise. The PRC’s Emission Standard of Environmental Noise for Boundary of Construction Site (GB12523– 2011) regulates construction noise, limiting construction noise levels at the construction site boundary to 70 dB(A) in the day time (06:00–22:00 hours) and 55 dB(A) at night (22:00–06:00 hours). There are no applicable EHS guidelines and the PRC standards are adopted in the EIA report. 53. Table II-13 resents the relevant PRC and international guidelines (US EPA, IFC EHS Guideline: Occupational health and safety standards) for worker exposure to noise. The PRC standards are more stringent than international guidelines and are utilized in this EIA report. Table II-12: PRC Noise Emission Standard for Construction Site Boundary (GB12523-2011) Day Leq dB(A) Night Leq dB(A) 70 55 Source: US EPA, IFC Occupational Health and Safety standard and PRC GB 12523-2011. Table II-13: PRC Classification of occupational hazards at workplaces--Part 4:Occupational exposure to noise (GBZ/T 229.4-2012) and relevant international guidelines PRC standards Leq dB(A) 80 (day, 8-hour exposure) International guidelines Leq dB(A) EHS guidelines US EPA: 85 (day, 8-hour exposure) IFC EHS Guideline: Occupational Health and Safety: 85 (Equivalent level LAeq,8h) 110 (Maximum LAmax, fast) 36 Source: US EPA, IFC Occupational Health and Safety standard and PRC GBZ/T 229.4-2012. 54. During operation noise at site boundaries should comply with Class II of the PRC Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Emission Standard (GB12348-2008). There are no applicable EHS guidelines and the PRC standards are adopted in the EIA report (Table II-14). Table II-14: PRC Noise Emission Standard for Construction Site Boundary (GB12348-2008) Standard Value Leq dB(A) Standard Type Class 2 Source: PRC GB 12348-2008. Day Night 60 50 37 III. A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Project 55. This subproject will build a Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plant to treat domestic waste by incineration and generate power by waste heat recovery. The power generated will be sold to the Grid. The plant has a designed domestic waste incineration capacity of 600 tons per day. Main equipment includes two 300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators for waste incineration and one 12 MW straight condensing turbine for power generation. Annual incinerated solid waste will be 219,000 tons and annual generated power will be 62.14 million kWh. 56. The subproject scope includes: (i) 2×300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators with 1x12 MW straight condensing turbine; (ii) flue gas treatment facility; and (iii) leachate and production wastewater treatment workshop. Once completed, the subproject will incinerate 219,000 tons domestic waste and produce 62.14 million kWh power to the Grid annually. 57. The subproject impact will be improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in Pingyi City. The outcome will be energy savings, improved energy efficiency, a cleaner environment in Linyi City and a reduction in cases of respiratory and heart diseases. B. Project Location 58. The subproject will be implemented at Pingyi County, Linyi City of Shandong Province (Figure III-1). Linyi is an eco-friendly city that lies in the southeastern region of Shandong and is comprised of 12 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 9 counties. 38 Figure III-1: Subproject location in Shandong Province Source: Google earth, 2019 59. The subproject is located at Niushanhou Village, Pingyi Street of Pingyi County (Figure III-2). 39 Figure III-2: Subproject location Source: Google earth, 2019. C. Project Rational 60. Shandong Province is one of the most important regional economies in the PRC. In 2018, Shandong’s economy grew at 6.4%, among the highest growth rates in the PRC. However, the province’s economic growth is energy intensive, highly polluting, and overwhelmingly dependent on coal, especially for heavy industry and winter space heating. Heavy industry accounts for 68% of the province’s industrial output, which is led by chemical production, agro-processing, machinery manufacturing, textiles, and smelting. Its power generation is almost exclusively coal based. 5 Shandong Province alone consumes 10% of the PRC’s total energy consumption. 79.3% of Shandong’s primary energy mix is from coal, which makes it the PRC’s largest consumer of coal. The province’s coal consumption has steadily increased between 2011 and 2015, whereas the entire country has reduced its consumption 5F 5 HKTDC Research. Shandong: Market Profile. Accessed March 22, 2018. 40 between 2013 and 2015. 6 6F 61. As a result, the province is a substantial contributor of air pollution in the Greater BTH region. Linyi City is one of the cities with severe air pollution in the Greater BTH region. In first half year of 2019, air quality of Linyi ranks 159 in 168 cities in China. Raw coal combustion produces lots of particulate matter and carbon dioxide. The average annual concentration of PM10 was measured at 130 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³) and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) was measured at 63 μg/m3. These concentrations were nearly double the national air quality category II standards (70 μg/m³ and 35μg/m³) and more than six times the level recommended by the World Health Organization (20 μg/m³ and 10 μg/m³). 7 Annual concentration levels of other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 25 μg/m³ which is compliance with national air quality standard (60 μg/m³), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is 46 μg/m³ which is worse than national air quality standard (40 μg/m³). Exposure to high levels of particulate matter and other air pollutants are associated with health risks such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 7F 62. Restructuring the country’s energy mix to combat air pollution is at the forefront on the government’s agenda for transforming the PRC’s economic growth model from an export-driven economy to a consumption-led, low-carbon one. The PRC’s 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) coins this goal as transforming the PRC into an “ecological civilization”, guided by principles of environment, innovation, sustainability, and inclusive growth. To this end, the Plan includes targets for air quality and PM2.5 levels in large cities and for the reduction of energy and carbon intensity. The 13th Five-year Plan builds on the Comprehensive Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control 2013–2017 (CAAP), which set the strictest air quality measures and targets to date on SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and volatile organic compounds nationally, and for the BTH region. More recently, MEE introduced the Work Program for Air Pollution Control (2017) in the BTH Region and its Surrounding Areas. The program aims to implement strict pollution control measures in 28 cities, of which 7 are located in Shandong province. The program emphasizes the importance to reduce raw coal burning in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of the BTH region. 63. Coal-based power generation is the major cause of rising level of outdoor and indoor air pollution. Instead of a conventional coal-based power generation system, the subproject aims to generate power through waste heat recovery. When compared to the equivalent production of power through traditional coal-fired sources, once operational the subproject will: (i) result in annual energy savings equivalent to 19,114.26 tce, thereby providing a global public good by avoiding the annual emission of 52,259.74 tons of CO2; (ii) improve local air quality through the estimated annual reduction of emissions of SO2 by 12.42 tons, NOx by 11.81 tons, and PM by 1.24 tons; and (iii) eliminate the negative impacts of coal transportation by truck or train. D. Project Scope 64. The subprojects are summarized in Table III-1. Table III-1: Key Features of the Subproject 6 Yiqing Zhang, Chuangeng Liu, Ke Li, Yong Zhou. 2018 Strategy on China's regional coal consumption control: A case study of Shandong province, Energy Policy. 112. pp. 316–327. 7 Linyi EPB. 2017. The 2017 Bulletin on the Linyi Municipal Air Quality. Linyi. 41 No. 1 Subproject Characteristics and Special Features 2×300 t/h mechanical grate furnaces Main work 2x SLC350-4.0/400 waste heat recovery boilers. 2 Water supply system 3 Water drainage system 4 Circulation cooling system 5 Boiler system 6 Ash and system 7 Waste storage system 8 Desulfurization denitrification system 9 Exhaust system water slag gas treatment treatment and treatment 1x 12 MW straight condensing turbine (N12-3.8/395) and 1x12MW generator ( QF-18-2) The subproject will source municipal water as domestic water and production water. One municipal water pipeline with a length of 3.5 km will be built. Chemical water treatment process is multi-media filter + ultrafiltration (NF) + two stage reverse osmosis (RO) + electro deionization. The treated water will be utilized in the boiler system. Storm water drainage system is separate from wastewater drainage system (domestic wastewater and production wastewater). Production wastewater will be recycled as much as possible. Concentrated water from chemical water treatment system will be recycled in the slag removal system. Other production water, domestic wastewater and treated leachate will be discharged to the wastewater drainage system. Wastewater drainage system is connected to Pingyi Dongcheng WWTP. One counter flow natural ventilation hyperbola cooling tower will be built. Maximum circulation water flow is 4,600 m3/h. Make up water of boiler is from chemical water treatment process. Treatment capacity is 10 m3/h. Fly ash is collected by dust collection equipment and stored in ash warehouse (100 m3). Slag is cooled down by slag cooler and stored in slag warehouse (100 m3). A 200 m3 warehouse will be built for temporary ash and slag storage. Slag will be sold and reused. Fly ash will be reused or disposed at approved landfill site following the PRC regulations after testing of heavy metals. One 12,144 m3 waste storage tank will be which can provide enough fuel to boilers to operate continuously for 9 days under maximum load. One 160 m3 leachate storage tank will be built for storage of leachate. One 30 m3 urea warehouse for selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitrification and one 30 m3 magnesium oxide warehouse for desulfurization. Desulphurization by-product will be treated by filter-press and then sold and recycled as construction materials. Exhaust gas from incinerators (the boilers and turbines will not generate exhaust gas) will be treated by in-furnace SNCR denitrification system, semi-dry deacidification (Ca(OH)2 solution), hydrated lime injection, activated carbon absorption and bag filter, and then discharged through one 80m high stack with an inner diameter of 1.6 m at the outlet. The subproject used two mechanical grate waste incinerators. The furnace temperature will be strictly controlled between 850°C 42 No. Subproject Characteristics and Special Features to 950°C, and controls the excess air coefficient in order to reduce the amount of NOx generated. This subproject uses the SNCR system to remove NOx. After treatment, the concentration of NOx emission control within 180 mg/Nm3. The removal efficiency of ≥ 50 % . 10 Accident tank 11 Leachate treatment system 12 Odor gas treatment system 13 Power distribution equipment 65. One 300m3 accident tank for emergency wastewater storage. One leachate treatment workshop will be built. The treatment process is filter+ Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket + membrane bioreactor +NF+RO. Treatment capacity is 250 m3/d. The waste warehouse and conveying system are sealed, and the combustion-supporting air is introduced from the upper part of waste storeroom through the first and secondary air fan, so as to make the whole garbage storehouse and refuse conveying system reach micro negative pressure to avoid the odor escaping. Automatic door is installed in the waste storehouse; the door will automatically open when dumping the garbage from the garbage truck and close when completing dumping, and the door has the air curtain, so most of the odor can be blocked in the waste storeroom, thus avoiding its escaping. 10 kV power distribution equipment and 35 kV power transformation equipment will be installed. One 1.5 km power distribution line will be built and connected to local Junhe Substation, then to the Grid. Key parameters of the subproject are summarized in Table III-2. Table III-2: Key Parameters of the Subproject No. Parameter Unit No. 1 Waste incineration capacity Tons per day 600 2 Annual operation time Hours 8,000 3 Annual power generation million kWh 62.14 4 Operation hours of power generating units hours 8,000 5 Ratio of power used by the subproject % 16.5 6 Annual standard coal savings tons 19,114.26 E. Key features 66. I&G will be the EA and responsible for overall guidance during project preparation and implementation. CNTY will be IA and responsible for implementing project subprojects and administering and monitoring contractors and suppliers. A PMO will be established in CNTY and responsible for day-to-day management of the project. Key features of the subproject are listed below. 43 1. Waste transfer and storage 67. Waste Check at Entrance. Solid waste will arrive at the site in compactor covered trucks. All waste trucks entering the waste-to-energy power generation plant will be checked by the assigned personnel with necessary tools and equipment. Only municipal solid waste will be incinerated by the proposed project. Hazardous waste will not be accepted. The municipal solid waste will be sent to the grate incinerator directly without any pre-treatment. 68. Weighbridge. Waste trucks will drive onto the weighbridge, located at the entrance and exit. All trucks used for the transport of waste, which enter and leave the plant, will be weighed. Drivers will present proper documentation, relating to the waste load, to the staff in the security office. Some trucks, with long-term contracts, carrying non-hazardous waste, will access the facility using a swipe card, which will record their details. The drivers of these trucks will not have to report to the security offices. The truck scale uses the SCS model (Sequence Control System), which mainly consists of weighing body, weighing transducer, display and the computer system. 69. Waste Handling and Storage. The waste handling and storage facility for solid waste will consist of waste reception hall, waste bunker, semi-automatic grab cranes and two waste hoppers. 70. Reception hall. Covered trucks containing solid waste will enter the supervised reception hall and will be directed towards automatic discharge doors at higher discharge platform. High position unloading will be adopted to save effective room and make room for chemical water treatment station and compression machine repairing shop. The hall is 7m in height and 64m in length. The discharge platform is 24m in width. The size of automatic discharge door is 3.5m in width and 6.1m in height. Effluent treatment plant sludge will be fed into the waste-to-energy power generation plant. This material will be handled in a similar manner as the solid waste. 71. To prevent the egress of odors, the waste reception hall will be maintained under negative pressure, i.e. air will be drawn in through any openings rather than escaping out. Air for combustion will be drawn from the reception hall through the waste bunker. As the waste reception hall will be an enclosed area, windborne litter will not be generated. 72. If for any reason, the facilities of the waste to energy plant are shut down, typically for 1or 2 days per year, the main fans for combustion air and flue gases will be kept in operation to maintain the reception hall under negative pressure. Any odors will then be discharged via the stack. Shut down of facilities might happen when there is an ongoing maintenance or a modification required on common plant parts such as a transformer, water supply systems, stack shell or air-cooled condenser. 73. Waste Bunker. The bunker capacity has been chosen to allow the plant to accept waste during periods when the furnace or furnaces are shut down for maintenance and also to allow the plant to continue its operation even during long periods of no deliveries (i.e. long weekends, national holiday). The size of the bunker is 44 m in length, 23m in width and 12m in depth (6m below the floor level and 7m above the floor level) with total volume of 12144 m3. Municipal solid waste typically has a density of 0.4t/m3, and an approximate bunker capacity of 5,465 ton. Or equivalent to about 7 days operation of the plant. 74. Crane and Hopper. The crane is in the upper position of the bunker for garbage feeding, handling, mixing, extracting and weighing. According to the general requirements of the project, 44 two 11t waste crane are used (one operation and one spare). The volume of the hopper is 8m3, the junk crane bridge, travelling mechanism, hoisting mechanism, trolley traveling mechanism, and electric equipment, grasping parts. Besides the electric equipment and bridge, the other 4 parts have their respective motor and work separately. 75. Leachate Collection. Since the waste contains high moisture, the water will leak during the deposit. At the bottom of the bunker there is a leachate collective tank and two leachate pump rooms to collect the leachate for temporary deposit. The leachate tank is 7m below ground level with total volume of 160 m3. It is enough to keep leachate of 11 to 15 hours. When the leachate reaching certain height, it will be transferred to the regulated pool which can keep the leachate for 7days. 2. Waste Incineration 76. Waste incineration system mainly consists of feeding, incineration, ash handling, combustion air, and start up. 77. Feed system. Feed system includes hopper, chute, feeder and grate. The solid waste will be grabbed by crane and put into the ladder-shaped hopper with smooth wall. The solid waste will be fed from the top of the furnace to the bottom by the self-weight of the solid to ensure complete combustion. An excess quantity of air will be drawn in through the furnace to ensure sufficient cooling of grate bars. 78. The furnace chute connects the feeding hopper and the incinerator. The furnace chute includes upper part and lower part. There is a metal expansion joint between the two parts for the expansion of the heat absorption. There will be a certain amount of solid waste reserved in the chute forming a sealing layer to prevent air leakage into the furnace and flue gas to escape. The chute will be installed with separate gate to isolate the incinerator with outside. 79. There is a feeding machine at the bottom of the hopper to constantly feed the incinerator. The grate surface is formed by several stove tiles. Upper and lower grates overlap. One row keeps stable while another row moving alternatively to have the solid wastes mixed and stirred completely and burnt thoroughly. 80. Ignition. When the incinerator is empty, the plant will use ignition burner at start up to bring the furnace to the temperature of 400°C, then combined with solid wastes to bring the temperature to the required operating temperature of above 850°C. With the inflame machine can prevent temperature from increasing rapidly and thus protect the furnace refractory. The ignition burner has a rated power of 4.5MW with oil consumption of 381kg/h. The total annual consumption of ignition is 100 thousand tons. 81. Auxiliary combustion system. The plant will use auxiliary combustion system with light diesel oil as fuel to increase the operation temperature of furnaces to be 850°C and kept for at least 2 seconds. Light diesel oil may also be occasionally required as a supplementary fuel to maintain the temperature if waste of an exceptionally low calorific value is received. The combustion support machine will have a rated power of 7.5MW with oil consumption of 632kg/h. The total annual consumption of ignition is 200 thousand tons. 82. Combustion Air. Primary combustion air will be drawn from the reception hall and bunker by the primary air fans. The wind flow rate is 40,720 Nm3/h. Secondary combustion air will be drawn from the roof spaces above the furnaces and boilers, by the secondary air fans. 45 The wind flow rate is 13,573 Nm3/h. The air in the roof space will be heated by convection and radiation. 83. Furnace. A moving grate furnace is proposed for the line of the facility. It will operate in a similar fashion as an escalator, pushing waste from the top of the furnace to the bottom to ensure complete combustion. An excess quantity of air will be drawn in through the furnace to ensure sufficient cooling of grate bars. 84. The moving grate mechanism will transport the waste slowly from the feed point at the top of the furnace to the ash discharge at the bottom of the furnace. The rate at which the waste will travel through the furnace will be controlled to optimize the combustion. 85. As the waste enters the hot furnace, the material will be heated due to contact with the hot flue gases and radiated heat from the walls of the incinerator. The initial heat will drive off the moisture from the waste. The next stage in the combustion process will be volatilization, where the combustible gases and vapors will be driven off. The volatilization stage will take place within the temperature range of 200°C to 750°C. 86. The volatile components of the organic material of municipal solid waste typically account for 70 to 90% of the flue gases, and are produced in the form of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and ethane. The combustion of these volatiles will take place immediately above the surface of the waste and in the combustion chamber above the grate. 87. The volatile gases and vapors released will immediately ignite in the furnace due to the temperature of the furnace gas, which will be within the range 850°C and 950°C. Typical retention times of the gases and vapors in the combustion chamber will be 2 to 4 seconds. The final section of the grate will be the burnout section where the ash will be held for long enough to ensure sufficient burnout. 88. The grate will discharge the resultant bottom ash into a water bath, and then via a conveyor to an ash bunker. 3. Waste heat recovery 89. The waste heat in the exhaust gas of the furnaces will be recovered for power generation. Main equipment includes: (i) waste heat boilers to generate steam; (ii) a steam turbine to utilize the steam for power generation; and (iii) condensers to condense the steam and dissipate the low-grade waste heat. 90. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical shaft rotating work. As the turbine generates rotary motion, it used to drive an electrical generator. Figure III-3 illustrates the configuration of a steam turbine generator. 46 Figure III-3: Steam turbine generator F. Subproject Design Details 1. Waste-to-energy power generation plant 91. The location of the plant is presented in Figure III-2. Floor area of the plant is 27,808.5 m2. Layout of the plant is presented in Figure III-4. 92. The project layout is divided into four parts: main production area, assistant production area, transportation area and the administration area. 93. The main plant area is located in the center of the project area. The incinerator is located in the middle of the main plant, flue gas treatment system, the chimney is located in the east of the main plant. Industrial fire water, leachate treatment station, the cooling tower is located in the northern part of the plant. Office building and dormitory are located in the northern part of the plant. Office building and dormitory are perpendicular to the dominant wind direction to minimize the air and noise pollution impact in the area. 47 Pump station Cooling tower Dormitory Office building Incinerators and turbines Stack Figure III-4: Subproject Layout 94. The design of the proposed facility has been optimized to include the advanced emissions control and flue gas cleaning technology. The waste-to-energy process (or incineration with energy recovery) will consist of a number of main process elements as follows: (i) waste acceptance; (ii) waste intake and storage; (iii) combustion process; (iv) energy recovery process; and (v) flue gas treatment process. The process of the plant is presented in Figure III-5. 48 Figure III-5: Process and waste generation map 2. Waste supply 95. The plant will utilize domestic waste as fuel. Based on domestic FSR, annual domestic water generation per capital in Pingyi County is 0.65 kg. Annual domestic waste generated by Pingyi County in 2020 and 2030 is presented in Table III-8. Table III-3: Annual waste generated in Pingyi County in 2020 and 2030 Year Daily generated waste (t/d) Annual generated waste (thousand tons) 2020 641 23.40 2030 694 25.34 Source: FSR and domestic EIA Report, 2019. 96. Based on Table III-8, the capacity of the subproject (600 t/d) is sufficient. 49 3. Electrical Design 97. The plant needs a secure electricity supply to meet the demands of electric equipment such as pumps, lighting, control panels, etc. In accordance with national regulations, the central control centers will be equipped with Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPSs) to ensure the control systems can work continuously. Double 10 kV circuits will be used in the plant. In addition, high voltage and low voltage switch cabinets, direct current (DC) cabinet, and lighting systems have been designed for the plant. Electrical equipment of the subproject is presented in Table III-12. Table III-4: Electrical equipment No. Item Type 1 35 kV transformer SF9-25000/110 2 Bus reactor (10 kV) KK-10-1500-6 3 10 kV power distribution equipment KYN28-12 centrally installed switchgear 4 380 V power distribution equipment MNS draw out type switchgear 5 380 V transformer SCB10-1250/10.5KV Source: FSR report, 2018. 98. The plant will install two 35 kV transformers at the two generators. The voltage of generated electricity will be increased to 35 KV by transformers, then transferred to 220 kV Junhe substation which is about 1.2 km away by transmission line, then finally to the electric grid. A 3 km transmission line with 15 transmission towers will be built based on the preliminary design. Detail alignment is yet to be finalized. The transmission line will not pass any environmentally sensitive areas. 4. Water supply and wastewater treatment 99. The subproject will utilize municipal water for domestic water. The subproject will have 80 staff and daily domestic water consumption is 8 tons and annual is 2,400 tons (300 working days). 100. The subproject will have chemical water treatment workshop to produce water for boilers. Chemical water treatment process is multi-media filter + ultra-filtration (NF) + two stage reverse osmosis (RO) + electro deionization. 101. The subproject will generate both domestic and production wastewater. Production wastewater includes wastewater from chemical water treatment workshop, circulation cooling water system and boiler blow down. Water consumption of the subproject is presented in Table III-5. Table III-5: Water consumption unit: m3/d Item Fresh water Recycled water Water consumed Wastewater generated 50 Domestic water 8 0 2 6 Backwash water 3 0 3 0 Pure water equipment 156.2 0 0 20 Concentrated water 41 0 0 0 Lab water 0 4 1 3 SNCR system water 0 2.2 2.2 0 Boiler make up water 0 75 45 0 Backwash water for filters 0 93 (75) 0 93 (75) Circulation cooling water 1,473 (1,200) 30 1,085 (890) 325 (265) Slag system 0 96 96 0 Waste incineration system 212 0 212 0 14 0 0 14 Leachate 0 0 0 180 (120) Total 1907.2 (1634.2) 300.2 (282.2) 1446.2 (1251.2) 589 (465) Ground cleaning water Note: Number in brackets is the data in winter. 102. Concentrated water from chemical water treatment workshop will be used in slag system. 103. Fresh water consumption of the plant is 1,907.2 m3/d (1,634.2m3/d in winter). Annual fresh water consumption is 611,400 m3/a. 5. Pollutants generation 104. The air pollutants generated by the subproject are presented in Table III-6and the total annual pollutants load 51 Table III-6: Generated air pollutants of the subproject Item PM Acid gas Mitigation measures metal Emission Pollutantsconcentrationefficiency concentration (mg/Nm3) (%) (mg/Nm3) Annual Limit Emission emission (mg/Nm3) rate (kg/h) quantity (t/a) Bag filter PM 7800 99.9 8 10 0.99 7.92 SNCR+ HCl 100 96 4 10 0.495 3.96 semi dry SO2 170 85 25 50 3.09 24.75 method + NOx 360 50 180 200 22.28 178.21 dry CO 50 0 50 50 6.19 49.50 method HF 10 95 0.5 1 0.25 1.98 Hg 0.029 ≥90 0.0029 0.000359 0.002871 Cd 0.0084 ≥90 0.00084 0.000104 0.000832 Tl 0.000862 ≥90 0.0000862 0.000011 0.000085 Pb 0.0143 ≥90 0.00143 0.000177 0.001416 Cu 0.0169 ≥90 0.00169 0.000209 0.001673 Co 0.0067 ≥90 0.00067 0.000083 0.000663 Ni 0.011 ≥90 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 As 0.167 ≥90 0.0167 0.002067 0.016534 Mn 0.0665 ≥90 0.00665 0.000823 0.006584 Sb 0.011 ≥90 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 Cr 0.0913 ≥90 0.00913 0.001130 0.009039 Activated Heavy Generation Removal carbon adsorption + bag filter 0.000926 0.03847 0.05 0.1 1.0 Process control + Organic matter activated carbon adsorption Dioxin 4 (TEQ ng/m3) 97.5 + bag Note: filter a. The exhaust gas flow is 2×61880 m3/h b. The limit is from Table II-6. 0.1 (TEQ ng/m3) 0.1 (TEQ ng/m3) 0.0124 (TEQ mg/h) 0.099 (TEQ g/a) 52 Table III-7: Generated pollutants of the subproject unit: t/a Item Generated Reduced Discharged 990 0 990 PM 7700.62 7692.70 7.92 HCl 99.01 95.05 3.96 SO2 165.01 140.26 24.75 NOx 356.43 178.22 178.21 Dioxin (TEQ g/a) 3.96 3.861 0.099 HF 9.90 9.41 0.49 Hg 0.028712 0.025841 0.002871 Cd 0.008317 0.007485 0.000832 Tl 0.000853 0.000768 0.000085 Pb 0.014158 0.012742 0.001416 Cu 0.016732 0.015059 0.001673 Co 0.006634 0.005971 0.000663 Ni 0.010891 0.009802 0.001089 As 0.165343 0.148809 0.016534 Mn 0.065840 0.059256 0.006584 Sb 0.010891 0.009802 0.001089 Cr 0.090394 0.081355 0.009039 H 2S 0.56 0 0.56 NH3 8.32 0 8.32 CH3SH 0.013 0 0.013 Dust 167.5 166.83 0.67 Quantity 202502 16192 186310 COD 3316.66 3304.92 11.74 NH3-N 140.35 138.31 2.04 Pb 8.2620 8.257443 0.004557 As 0.2203 0.215743 0.004557 Hg 0.0055 0.005454 0.000046 Cd 2.7540 2.753544 0.000456 Flue gas volume (million Nm3/a) Exhaust gas Fugitive Waste water 53 Item Solid waste Generated Reduced Discharged Cr 8.2620 8.257443 0.004557 Slag 37,800 37,800 0 Fly ash 8,400 8,400 0 105. With the mitigations above, the pollutants concentration in the exhaust gas can meet the limits in Table II-6 . Flue gas monitoring data of Shouguang MSW incineration plant in 2015 and Binzhou MSW incineration plant in 2018 with the same capacity and same pollutants treatment methods are collected for reference and presented in Table III-8 and Table III-9. 106. Table III-8 indicates that the plant can meet the limits in Table II-6. 6. 107. Dioxin control To reduce the dioxin generation, the following designs are adopted by the subproject. (i) Incineration process will be controlled. The temperature will be higher than 850°C, the retention time should be more than 2s and the oxygen content will be more than 6%. The CO concentration in the exhaust gas will also be controlled to below 50 mg/m3 to reduce the dioxin generated in the exhaust gas; (ii) Because dioxin will be easily generated in the 300-500°C, the heat exchange process will be controlled to achieve fast temperature reduction of the exhaust gas. The temperature of the exhaust will be reduced to below 250°C and the retention time should be less than 1s; and (iii) Bag filter and activated carbon will utilized to absorb the dioxin in the exhaust gas. The removal efficiency will be more than 97.5%. 108. With the mitigations above, the dioxin concentration in the exhaust gas will be less than 0.1 TEQ ng/m3. Dioxin monitoring data of Shouguang MSW incineration plant and Binzhou MSW incineration plant are collected for reference and presented in Table III-9 and Table III-10. 109. Table III-9 and Table III-10 indicate that the plant can meet the dioxin limits in Table II-6. 54 Table III-8: Air pollutants emission data of Shouguang MSW incineration plant Location Pollutants Outlet of No.1 stack Date Sample June 2, 2015 Outlet of No.2 stack June 3, 2015 June 2, 2015 June 3, 2015 AverageMaxmium 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 mg/m3 2 3 1 2 2 3 1.8 3.4 1.7 2.6 3.3 2.6 2.4 3.4 mg/m3 72 88 111 84 92 89 106 110 120 116 105 118 100.9 120 mg/m3 2.62 3.74 2.00 2.62 1.65 2.72 3.22 3.28 4.07 3.14 2.38 3.30 2.9 3.74 PM mg/m3 4 3 2 4 5 2 7 9 5 4 7 7 4.9 9 Mercury μg /Nm3 2.5 2.6 2 2.9 1.9 2.4 2.6 2.2 2 1.3 2.6 2.6 2.30 2.9 Cadmium μg//Nm3 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.002 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.028 0.060 Arsenic μg//Nm3 5 2.9 3.9 6 3.6 3 3 2.3 16.7 8.6 5.9 6.9 5.65 16.7 Lead μg /Nm3 1.39 1.37 1.3 1.15 1.43 1.38 1.06 1.02 1.01 0.84 0.82 0.82 1.13 1.43 Chromium μg//Nm3 5.7 5.69 5.41 3.46 4.25 4.11 7.52 7.2 7.21 6.89 6.69 6.74 5.91 7.52 Magnum μg//Nm3 2.01 1.99 1.9 0.76 0.93 0.9 2.54 2.43 2.41 1.84 1.78 1.81 1.78 2.54 Nickle μg//Nm3 0.75 0.75 0.72 0.51 0.65 0.62 1.1 1.06 1.04 0.78 0.76 0.77 0.79 1.1 Flow Ndm3/h 49786 50805 51923 50601 50873 51173 51619 49042 47271 48234 47954 47679 49747 51923 % 11.0 10.6 10.3 10.5 10.8 10.2 9.95 9.39 9.29 9.27 8.83 9.33 9.96 11.0 No. SO2 NOx HCl Excess oxygen content 55 Table III-9: Air pollutants emission data of Binzhou MSW incineration plant Date March 4, 2018 June 13, 2018 Stack No. 1 2 1 2 1 2 SO2 mg/m3 13.8 28.2 26 35.1 4 39 50 NOx mg/m3 105 78 80 106 127 146 200 HCl mg/m3 5.8 4.9 5 6.1 3.6 4.5 10 PM mg/m3 9.4 7.8 7.9 8 5.5 6.2 10 Antimony μg//Nm3 2.27 2.46 ND ND ND 1.25 NA Cobalt μg//Nm3 2.04 4.26 ND ND ND ND NA Arsenic μg//Nm3 ND ND ND ND ND 2.38 NA Lead μg /Nm3 4.12 11.3 ND 14.2 2.71 ND NA Chromium μg//Nm3 21.2 9.91 ND ND 0.73 ND NA Copper μg//Nm3 17.5 9.19 ND 7.15 1.93 6.8 NA Magnum μg//Nm3 11.4 7.81 1.42 9.49 2.23 5.2 NA Nickle μg//Nm3 12.2 1.91 ND ND 2.14 ND NA Total metals μg//Nm3 70.73 46.84 1.42 30.84 9.74 15.63 500 Mercury μg /Nm3 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.376 0.57 50 Cadmium μg//Nm3 ND ND ND 1.03 6.61 1.13 50 Dioxin ngTEQ/Nm3 0.0043 0.0021 0.0057 0.0045 0.0034 0.0042 0.1 Excess oxygen content % 11 10.4 10.3 9.9 11.3 9.8 NA Pollutants September 6, 2018 Limit Table III-10: Dioxin concentration from Shouguang MSW incineration plant unit: ngTEQ/Nm3 Monitoring date Location Inlet No.1 incinerator Outlet March 18, 2015 Item No.1 sample No.2 sample No.3 sample Dioxin concentration 0.023 0.0035 0.023 Dioxin concentration 0.0029 0.0026 0.0024 Maximum concentration Removal efficiency Limit 0.0029 87.4% 25.7% 0.1 89.6% 56 Monitoring date Location Inlet Outlet No.1 incinerator March 19, 2015 Item No.1 sample No.2 sample No.3 sample Dioxin concentration 0.021 0.013 0.021 Dioxin concentration 0.0032 0.0088 0.0028 Maximum concentration Removal efficiency Limit 7. 0.0088 84.8% 32.3% 89.6% 0.1 Fire protection 110. The plant will be in compliance with relevant PRC fire protection regulations and requirements, including the Code for Design of Small Thermal Power Plant (GB50049-2011), Code of Design on Fire Protection of Thermal Power plant and Substation (GB50229-2006) and Regulation on Electric Apparatus Design for Explosion and Fire Risk Environment (GB5005892). All risk areas will have alarm systems able generate audible and visual alarms, and automatic fire suppression systems. 111. An emergency risk and response plan will be established in accordance with the “National Environmental Emergency Plan” (24 January 2006), other relevant PRC laws, regulations and standards, World Bank EHS Guidelines and ADB’s SPS 2009. In addition, construction and operation phase EHS plans will be developed by specialists to ensure protection of workers and the surrounding community. The nearby communities will be informed of the potential risks of fire, explosion, etc. and the emergency drills will be conducted. 8. Heating and Ventilation 112. Facilities will be equipped with cast-iron radiators for space heating. The design room temperature of the complexes, control rooms, and gatehouses is 18°C; pump rooms, heat exchanger rooms, and garages is 10°C; and chemical testing rooms and bathrooms is 16°C. 113. The control room and electric rooms will be mechanically ventilated by fans. Other rooms will be naturally ventilated. Noise levels of control room and electric rooms should be less than 60 dB. 9. Temporary Worker’s Camps 114. During the construction period (from 2019 to 2021), a temporary workers’ camp with a capacity of 100 workers will be installed at the plant site within the premise of the plant. Maximum workers on site will be 80. The worker camp will be connected to municipal water system and sewer system. Domestic waste collection bins will be installed at the worker camp to collect domestic waste. 57 IV. A. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Location 115. The subproject will be implemented at Niushanhou Village, Pingyi Street, Pingyi County, Linyi City of Shandong Province. 116. Linyi is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province at 35°03′ to northern latitude and 118°35′ east of Greenwich. Linyi borders Rizhao to the east, Weifang to the northeast, Zibo to the north, Tai'an to the northwest, Jining to the west, Zaozhuang to the southwest, and the province of Jiangsu to the south. In the relief of the region, the urban area of Linyi lies on mostly flat land that gives way to more rugged terrain in the west and northwest of the Linyi's administrative area. Figure IV-1: Subproject site location Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China B. Shandong Province Overview 117. Shandong is a coastal province of the PRC and is part of the East China region (Figure IV-2). Neighboring provinces are Anhui, Hebei, Henan and Jiangsu. 58 Figure IV-2: Shandong Province in China Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong 118. Shandong is divided into seventeen prefecture-level divisions including two subprovincial cities. The seventeen prefecture-level divisions of Shandong are subdivided into 137 county-level divisions (51 districts, 28 county-level cities, and 58 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1941 township-level divisions (1223 towns, 293 townships, two ethnic townships, and 423 sub-districts). 59 Figure IV-3: Map of Shandong Province administrative divisions Source: http://d-maps.com 119. In 2018, the population of the province was 99.47 million. The land area is 157,100 km2 and the length of coastline is 3,100 km. The province has 17 municipalities and 140 counties (including county level cities and districts). Shandong has a temperate climate, with hot, rainy summers and dry, cold winters. Mean annual temperature is 10.5-13.5°C; the average temperature in July is 24-27°C, while the temperature in January is -4-1°C. Mean annual precipitation is 550-950 mm, increasing from northwest to southeast. The province is divided into four topographical zones: (i) Northwestern Shandong Plain, formed by deposits of the Yellow River; (ii) Jiaolai Plain, between central-south Shandong and Jiaodong hilly regions, bounded by bays in the north and south and traversed by the Jiaolai, Weihe and Dagu rivers; (iii) Central-South Shandong hilly area, with elevations >1,000 m above sea level (ASL); and (iv) Jiaodong Hilly Area, the main part of the Shandong Peninsula. 120. Shandong ranks first among PRC provinces in the agriculture production of a variety of products, including cotton and wheat. Other important crops include tobacco, sorghum and maize, as well as peanuts, for which the province is especially well-known, producing nearly a quarter of the country's total. Shandong is also a significant producer of fruits. The province also has extensive deposits of natural gas, iron, diamonds, gold, and bauxite deposits. In 2017, Shandong was ranked the third largest provincial economy, contributing 8.79% of the country’s total GDP. In 2017, the total GDP of the province was CNY 7.2678.18 trillion and per capita GDP was CNY 72,851. 121. Shandong is one of the leading provinces driving the economic development in the PRC. 60 However, it is facing increasing pressure to reduce its energy consumption and emissions in light of PRC’s objective for achieving 40%–45% carbon intensity reduction by 2020 compared to 2005 levels. Shandong was included in the first three provinces to implement province-wide circular economy. 122. The Yellow River passes through Shandong's western areas, entering the sea along Shandong's northern coast; in its traversal of Shandong it flows on a levee, higher than the surrounding land, and dividing western Shandong into the Hai River watershed in the north and the Huai River watershed in the south. The Grand Canal of China enters Shandong from the northwest and leaves on the southwest. Weishan Lake is the largest lake in the province. Shandong Peninsula has a rocky coastline with cliffs, bays, and islands; the large Laizhou Bay, the southernmost of the three bays of Bohai Sea, is located to the north, between Dongying and Penglai; Jiaozhou Bay, which is much smaller, is to the south, next to Qingdao. The Miaodao Islands extend northwards from the northern coast of the peninsula. 123. The province has 30.58 billion m3 of water resources and 307.4 m3 per capita in 2016. The groundwater resources of Shandong are large, but are being exploited at an unsustainable rate. The demand for groundwater resources will continue to increase in the future with rising population and higher temperatures predicted in climate change scenarios. C. Site Physical Resources 124. Topography. The urban area of Linyi lies on mostly flat land that gives way to more rugged terrain in the west and northwest of the Linyi's administrative area. The north and northwest of Linyi belong to the Monshan Zhongshan hilly area. Linyi’s landscape is evenly divided by the mountains, hills and flatlands. Mountain, hilly and plain area of Linyi is 2:4:4. 125. Situated in the hilly and low mountainous area of eastern and south-central Shandong, Linyi slopes from northwest to southeast. Four mountains line up from north to south stretching northwest-southeast through the city. Centered on the Yihe and Shuhe river systems, the city is surrounded by mountains to the north, east and west. The highest point is 1,156 m (the top of the Montain Monshan), the lower point is 100m (at the exit of the Wei River), the altitude is between 200 and 500m, and the average altitude is 167.2m. (Figure IV-4). 61 Figure IV-4: Linyi topography Source: Google map, 2019 126. Geology and seismicity. According to domestic EIA, the stratigraphic structure of the subproject area is simple and stable, without unfavorable geological processes, and is therefore suitable for the subproject construction. 127. The PRC classifies seismic intensity into 12 grades under the China Seismic Intensity Table (GB/T 17742-2008), based on the severity of “shaking” of the earth surface and the extent of potential impact. According to the China Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zoning Map (GB18306-2001, Amendment 1), the seismic intensity in the subproject area is Grade 6, with a design peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g, a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, and a return period of 475 years. 128. According to the domestic EIA, the subproject site is class II under the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2010), applicable to medium dense and loose gravel, dense and medium dense coarse and sands, and clays with a bearing capacity >250 kPa. The subproject site is thus considered as suitable for construction activities, and there is no significant risk of potential disasters like landslides, mud flows, land subsidence or geological faults. 129. Land use. The subproject site is in a mountain valley. 130. Hydrology. There are three main steams in Linyi City, Dongwen River in the south, Zihe River in northeast and Meng River in southeast, belonging to Yi River branch of Huai River Basin. Yi River is the biggest river in Linyi and has a length of 570 km while 287.5 km is within Linyi. Watershed area of Yi River in Linyi is 10,790 km2. Surface water resource of Linyi is 5.16 billion m3. 131. Hydrogeology. The ground near the subproject site is pore phreatic water in loose rock 62 mass. The ground water at the depth from 0-2,000 m can be divided into shallow freshwater (060 m), middle level saltwater (60 – 200 m) and deep freshwater (200- 2,000 m). Ground water resource of Linyi is 2.36 billion m3. 132. Meteorology and Climate. Linyi has a temperate continental climate with four distinct seasons. It is dry in the spring, hot and rainy in the summer, cool in the autumn, and dry and cold in the winter. The average annual temperature in Linyi is 13.5°C and the maximum recorded summer temperature was 41.97 °C. The average temperature in the 4 coldest months of winter is below 0°C, and the lowest maximum recorded temperature is -22.0°C (Figure IV-5). 133. The average annual precipitation is 864.3 mm, with a recorded maximum of 1,415.6 mm and a minimum of 529.5 mm. In winter months, precipitation is low (average 20 mm–25 mm/month), and majority of precipitation occurs during the summer months. Average annual average humidity is 58%. The dominate wind direction is from the southeast (Figure IV-6). 134. Sunshine and humidity. Sunshine hours of Linyi in 2017 were 2,617 hours, or 53.6% of the annual daytime hours. 135. Frost-free Days. There is an average of 170 frost free days per year. The first frost typically occurs in the first 10 days of October, and the last frost day is typically in the first 10 days of March. Figure IV-5: Average Temperature Profile of Linyi Source: https://en.climate-data.org/location/2259/ 63 Figure IV-6: Linyi Wind Rose Source: Domestic EIA (2019) 64 136. Surface water - rivers and reservoirs. Surface water resource in the subproject area is presented in Figure IV-7. The nearest reservoir is Wuzhuangjia reservoir which is about 3.5 km away from the subproject site in northwest direction. The nearest river is Jun River which is about 2.5 km away from the subproject site in southeast direction. There are no reservoirs or rivers in the subproject impact zone. Figure IV-7: Water resources in the subproject area Source: Google map and domestic EIA 137. Annual average water resource of Linyi was 5.16 billion. The per capita water resource is only 459 m3. As the subproject will source municipal water in Linyi, the subproject will not cause groundwater depletion. There are no groundwater wells within 10 km of the subproject site that are used as water source. 9F D. Ambient environment baseline and environmental monitoring 138. Baseline data. According to Linyi’s Environmental Quality Bulletin (2018), urban air quality in Linyi has improved compared with 2017. The quality of drinking water sources is good but surface water quality has slightly improved. The acoustic environmental quality is relatively good and biological environment is ordinary. 1. Air Quality Monitoring 65 139. Air quality index. MEE monitors air pollution in cities throughout the PRC and presents the results in an Air Quality Index (AQI) based on the level of 6 pollutants (Figure IV-8). 140. The AQI was introduced in 2012 and replaces the old Air Pollution Index (API). The MEE measures airborne pollution using AQI. The AQI is based on the concentration levels of six major atmospheric pollutants: SO2, NO2, PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and PM2.5. The AQI is employed at monitoring stations in 367 cities across the nation. 141. The MEE measures and assigns an individual air quality score (IAQI) to each of the six pollutants over a period of one, eight, or 24 hours. A city’s final AQI is the highest of those six scores with that particular pollutant being the city’s major pollutant. When the index is lower than 50, the ministry does not name the major pollutant. The AQI ranges from zero to over 300. Figure IV-8: The PRC’s Air Quality Index (AQI) System Source: Li and Dong-Jun Liu (2014) and http://multimedia.scmp.com/china-air-pollution-in-2014/ 142. Air quality in Linyi City. In 2018, average daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in Linyi were 106 μg/m3, 54 μg/m3, 18 μg/m3, 42 μg/m3, 1.9 mg/m3 and 185 μg/m3, respectively (Table IV-2). Of these, the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012) by 0.51, 0.54, 0.05 and 0.16 times, while the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide met the PRC standard. The concentrations of O3 are slightly increased (0.5%) compared to 2017, while concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10 and CO decreased by 21.7%, 6.7%, 7.0%, 10.0% and 5.0% respectively. In 2018, Linyi had 201 days with a Good AQI level. 143. In first half year of 2019, air quality of Linyi ranks 159 in 168 cities in China. 144. As part of the domestic EIA process, baseline environmental monitoring was conducted at seven locations near the plant (Figure IV-17 and Table IV-4). Monitoring was undertaken continuously over a 7 days period from March 3 to 9, 2019 (during the heating season) for CO, SO2 and NO2 (1-hour average concentrations), NH3 and odor (particular pollutants) and TSP, PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 (24-hour average concentration). The monitoring methods are 66 presented in Table IV-5 .Meteorological parameters such as wind direction, wind speed, air temperature, barometric pressure and cloud cover were also monitored. The meteorological parameters are presented in Table IV-6. Table IV-1: Air quality monitoring locations No. Location Direction Distance (m) 1 Chaoyang Village N 1,700 2 Niushanhou Village NE 1,300 3 Gaoquan Village NE 619 4 Dong’ezhuang Village SE 1,180 5 Xi’ezhuang Village S 910 6 Dongxigao Village SE 1,288 7 Dongwumen Village W 2,376 Source: Domestic EIA (2019). Table IV-2: Air quality monitoring methods Reference standard Method Detection limit SO2 HJ/T482-2009 Formaldehyde absorbingpararosaniline spectrophotometric method 1-hour mean: 0.007 mg/m3 24-hour mean: 0.004 mg/m3 NO2 HJ/T479-2009 Saltzman method 1-hour mean:0.005 mg/m3 24-hour mean:0.003 mg/m3 TSP GB/T154321995 Gravimetric method 0.001mg/m3 PM10 HJ 618-2011 Gravimetric method 0.010 mg/m3 PM2.5 HJ 618-2011 Gravimetric method 0.010 mg/m3 CO GB/T9801-1988 NH3 HJ 533-2009 Odor GB/T 146751993 Pollutants Source: Domestic EIA (2019). Non-dispersive infrared spectrometry Nessler's reagent colorimetric method Triangle odor bag method 0.3mg/m3 0.05mg/m3 10 67 Figure IV-9: Ambient air quality monitoring locations Source: Domestic EIA and Google earth (2019). Table IV-3: Meteorological parameters of air quality monitoring Temperature (°C) Barometric pressure (hPa) Wind speed (m/s) Wind direction Total cloud/low cloud 02:00 5.1 1009.1 1.6 NW 5/3 08:00 2.0 1015.7 2.3 NW 6/5 14:00 6.3 1019.2 1.3 NW 2/2 20:00 1.7 1020.7 2.7 NE 1/1 02:00 -4.7 1022.3 0.9 NW 0/0 08:00 -1.0 1021.2 1.2 NE 6/5 14:00 5.9 1019.8 0.8 NW 5/5 20:00 5.0 1029.7 1.3 NE 7/3 02:00 1.9 1021.3 2.2 SE 2/2 08:00 2.0 1023.7 1.3 SW 10/0 14:00 8.7 1027.2 1.6 SE 5/4 20:00 5.0 1021.9 2.7 SE 8/4 Date 03.03 03.04 03.05 68 02:00 2.0 1022.3 1.9 SW 1/1 08:00 2.3 1023.1 2.7 SW 1/1 14:00 12.0 1021.7 3.9 SE 0/0 20:00 7.0 1022.3 1.9 SE 2/2 02:00 5.9 1019.9 3.2 SW 1/1 08:00 3.8 1021.2 2.7 SE 0/0 14:00 13.7 1022.2 0.9 SE 5/4 20:00 9.2 1019.3 1.3 SW 3/2 02:00 7.2 1012.9 2.2 SE 6/5 08:00 6.8 1013.7 3.0 NE 2/2 14:00 10.7 1016.9 1.9 NW 7/4 20:00 9.0 1020.2 1.6 NW 2/2 02:00 6.2 1010.7 2.0 MW 1/1 08:00 5.9 1012.6 1.9 NE 0/0 14:00 11.0 1013.6 2.0 SW 0/0 20:00 6.2 1017.2 2.3 SW 1/1 03.06 03.07 03.08 03.09 Source: Domestic EIA (2019). 145. The monitoring results are presented in Table IV-7 and summarized in Table IV-8. The data show that all 24-hour average SO2, NO2 concentrations and 1-hour average SO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were in compliance with the Class II of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012). 24-hour average PM10, PM2.5 and TSP concentrations were not in compliance with relevant PRC standard. 24-hour concentrations of PM2.5, TSP and PM10 exceeded relevant standard and the worst case PM2.5, PM10 and TSP concentration were 1.67, 1.39 and 1.19 times of relevant standard, respectively. 146. The results show that air quality in the subproject area is poor, with 24-hour mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and TSP exceeding PRC standards. 69 Table IV-4: Air quality monitoring results (mg/m3) Sample No. No. Item SO2 1 2 3 4 5 1hour mean 28 1-hour mean concentration rage 24-hour mean concentration rage 7 0.024 - 0.082 24-hour mean Exceedance of national standards /WHO guidelines, % 1-hour mean 24-hour mean 0.035-0.048 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.020-0.049 0.025-0.030 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 1.0-3.6 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.055-0.104 — 57.1/100 PM10 — 7 — 0.114-0.191 — 57.1/100 TSP — 7 — 0.205-0.344 — 57.1/NA SO2 28 7 0.027-0.95 0.036-0.056 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.020-0.055 0.025-0.041 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 0.9-3.0 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.062-0.108 — 57.1/100 PM10 — 7 — 0.110-0.189 — 42.9/100 TSP — 7 — 0.184-0.04 — 42.9/NA NH3 28 — 0.06-0.14 — 0/NA — SO2 28 7 0.022-0.082 0.030-0.050 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.020-0.058 0.025-0.043 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 0.5-2.5 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.058-0.105 — 71.4/100 PM10 — 7 — 0.104-0.176 — 42.9/100 TSP — 7 — 0.217-0.304 — 28.6/NA SO2 28 7 0.020-0.079 0.045-0.053 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.020-0.052 0.022-0.043 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 0.6-2.8 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.048-0.087 — 57.1/100 PM10 — 7 — 0.087-0.155 — 42.9/100 TSP — 7 — 0.244-0.352 — 14.3/NA SO2 28 7 0.023-0.086 0.041-0.062 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.022-0.055 0.030-0.045 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 1.0-3.1 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.052-0.125 — 71.4/100 70 Sample No. No. Item PM10 6 7 1hour mean — 1-hour mean concentration rage 24-hour mean concentration rage 7 — 24-hour mean Exceedance of national standards /WHO guidelines, % 1-hour mean 24-hour mean 0.109-0.189 — 57.1/100 TSP — 7 — 0.213-0.328 — 42.9/NA NH3 28 — 0.05-0.13 — 0/NA — Odor 3 — 0-10 — 0/NA — SO2 28 7 0.023-0.98 0.036-0.057 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.025-0.047 0.023-0.038 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 1.5-3.8 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.061-0.103 — 71.4/100 PM10 — 7 — 0.103-0.179 — 71.4/100 TSP — 7 — 0.209-0.325 — 42.9/NA SO2 28 7 0.033-0.108 0.036-0.072 0/NA 0/100 NO2 28 7 0.018-0.067 0.028-0.051 0/0 0/NA CO 28 — 0.5-4.0 — 0/NA — PM2.5 — 7 — 0.061-0.125 — 71.4/100 PM10 — 7 — 0.123-0.209 — 71.4/100 TSP — 7 — 0.229-0.357 — 42.9/NA * WHO has no guideline value for 1-h SO2, PM10, PM2.5 , NH3 and CO and, 24-h TSP, NO2 and CO Source: Domestic EIA. Table IV-5: Summary of air quality monitoring results 1-hour mean concentration Exceedance Item Sample Concentration No. rage(mg/m3) of national/WHO limit, % 24-hour mean concentration Worst case exceedance of limit Exceedance Sample Concentration of national No. rage (mg/m3) and WHO limit, % Worst case exceedance of limit SO2 196 0.020-0.108 0/NA — 49 0.030-0.072 0/100 0/2.6 NO2 196 0.018-0.067 0/0 — 49 0.022-0.051 0/NA — CO 196 0.5-4.0 0/NA — 49 — — — PM2.5 0 — — — 49 0.048-0.125 69.2/100 0.67/4 PM10 0 — — — 49 0.087-0.209 52.5/100 0.39/3.02 TSP 0 — — — 49 0.184-0.357 33.5/NA 0.19/NA NH3 12 0.05-0.16 0/NA — 0 — — — Source: Domestic EIA. 71 2. Groundwater quality 147. Groundwater is not the source of drinking water in Pingyi County. In 2017 and 2018, 39 parameters were monitored at the Pingyi Municipal water company which is 6.08 km away from the subproject plant in northeast direction. Only NO3-N in 2017 and 2018 can’t meet the Class III standard of Underground Water Quality Standard (GB/T 14848－2017) (Table IV-6). Table IV-6: Monitoring Results of Groundwater at Pingyi County (Unit: mg/L) Total Permanganate NO3- index N 106 0.65 25 340 92 0.69 24 450 250 3.0 20 Name Year pH Pingyi 2018 7.61 291 2017 7.39 hardness Sulfate NO2-N NH3 Fluoride Conductivity 0.0022 0.032 0.29 92.6 0.0031 0.025 0.38 104.5 1.0 — municipal water company Limit 6.58.5 0.1 0.5 Source: Linyi Environmental Quality Bulletin (2018). 148. During the preparation of domestic EIA, groundwater quality monitoring was conducted at the nearby villages on March 28, 2019. The locations are presented in Table IV-7. The monitoring results are presented in Table IV-8. Table IV-7: Groundwater monitoring locations No. Name Direction Distance 1# Dongwumen Village WNW 2080 2# Niushanhou Village E 1020 3# Baizhuang Village ESE 2690 4# Dongwangzhuang Village NE 1740 5# Dongezhuang Village S 1070 Source: Domestic EIA report (2019). Table IV-8: Ground water quality monitoring results Unit: mg/l Total Total dissolved Permanganate Ammonia hardness solid index nitrogen 7.26 422 642 ND 0.040 165 2# 7.38 341 530 ND ND 87.0 3# 7.33 424 580 ND 0.042 75.9 4# 7.39 366 502 0.73 0.02 21.2 5# 7.34 635 987 0.83 0.02 47.8 No. pH 1# Nitrate 72 Limit 6.5-8.5 450 1000 No. Nitrite Sulfate Chloride 1# 0.004 78.6 30.8 2# ND 52.2 3# ND 4# 0.5 20 Cyanide Fluoride 0.002 ND 0.198 27.2 0.001 ND 0.156 39.8 27.0 0.001 ND 0.148 0.002 44.9 19.5 ND ND 0.15 5# 0.001 128 103 ND ND 0.33 Limit 1.0 250 250 0.002 0.05 1.0 No. Arsenic Mercury Lead Cadmium Iron 1# 0.000982 ND ND ND ND 0.240 2# 0.001030 ND ND ND ND 0.233 3# 0.000968 ND ND ND ND 0.246 4# ND ND ND 0.0005 ND 0.05 5# ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 Limit 0.01 0.001 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.3 No. Manganese Copper Hexavalent chromium Zinc 3.0 Volatile Phenols Total coliforms (/L) Colony forming unit (/L) 1# ND ND ND ND 70 2# ND ND ND ND 60 3# ND ND ND ND 90 4# ND ND ND ND 5 5# ND ND ND ND 56 Limit 0.1 1.0 1.0 3.0 100 Note: ND means no detection 149. The monitoring results shows that the groundwater quality in nearby villages comply with relevant PRC class III standards. 3. Surface water quality 150. In 2018, surface water quality monitoring was implemented in 21 sections in 11 rivers of Linyi City. 6 sections were compliance with PRC Class II standards, while 12 sections were class III and 3 sections were class IV. 151. In 2018, surface water quality monitoring was also implemented in Yumenghu Reservoir. The Yumenghu Reservoir was compliance with class III national standards. 73 152. Based on site visit, the surface water body near the subproject site is Jun River (2.5 km away in southeast direction) and Wujiazhuang Reservoir River (3.5 km away in west direction) (Figure IV-7).There is no small local pond or drain in a radius of 5,000m near the plant. Three sections of Jun River are monitored. 153. In 2018, surface water quality of Jun River was compliance with PRC class IV standards. 154. During the preparation of domestic EIA, surface water quality monitoring was implemented at the Jun River on April 3, 2019 and April 4, 2019. The two monitoring locations are located at the upstream (150 m) and downstream (1,000 m) of the Pingyi Dongcheng WWTP wastewater emission point. The monitoring results are presented in Table IV-9. Table IV-9: Surface water quality monitoring of Jun River Unit: mg/l No. 1# 2# Date pH CODcr BOD5 SS NH3-N TN TP April, 3 8.29 15 3.0 10 0.653 0.64 0.02 April, 4 8.20 16 2.9 11 0.671 0.66 0.02 April, 3 7.61 17 3.3 13 0.970 0.79 0.03 April, 4 7.63 17 3.2 14 0.972 0.81 0.03 6-9 ≤30 ≤6 ≤100 ≤1.5 ≤1.5 ≤0.3 Date Copper Zinc Arsenic Mercury Cadmium Cr6+ Lead April, 3 ND ND 0.0007 ND ND 0.045 ND April, 4 ND ND 0.0007 ND ND 0.045 ND April, 3 ND 0.10 0.0007 ND ND 0.009 ND April, 4 ND 0.09 0.0008 ND ND 0.010 ND ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤0.1 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 Date Fluoride Cyanide Petroleum Sulfide Coliforms April, 3 0.30 ND ND ND 0.093 3500 April, 4 0.30 ND ND ND 0.091 3500 April, 3 0.26 ND ND ND 0.106 9200 April, 4 0.15 ND ND ND 0.107 9200 ≤1.5 ≤0.2 ≤0.01 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤40000 Limit No. 1# 2# Limit No. 1# 2# Limit Volatile phenol Note: CODMn = permanganate index; CODcr = chemical oxygen demand; BOD5 = 5 days biochemical oxygen demand; NH3-N= ammonia nitrogen; TP = Total Phosphorus; TN = Total Nitrogen, Cr6+=Hexavalent Chromium; ND means no detection 155. During the preparation of domestic EIA, surface water quality monitoring was also implemented at the Wujiazhuang Reservoir on April 5, 2019. The monitoring results are presented in Table IV-10. 74 Table IV-10: Surface water quality monitoring of Wujiazhuang Reservoir Unit: mg/l No. Date pH CODcr BOD5 SS NH3-N TN TP 1 April, 5 7.89 7.9 1.1 5 0.12 0.23 0.01 6-9 ≤15 ≤3 ≤60 ≤1.0 ≤0.5 ≤0.2 Limit No. Date Copper Zinc Arsenic Mercury Cadmium Cr6+ Lead 1# April, 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.05 ≤0.0005 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.01 Petroleum Sulfide Coliforms Limit Volatile No. Date Fluoride Cyanide 1# April, 5 ND ND ND ND ND 160 ≤1.0 ≤0.2 ≤0.002 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤2000 Limit phenol Note: CODMn = permanganate index; CODcr = chemical oxygen demand; BOD5 = 5 days biochemical oxygen demand; NH3-N= ammonia nitrogen; TP = Total Phosphorus; TN = Total Nitrogen, Cr6+=Hexavalent Chromium ND means no detection 156. The monitoring results shows that the water quality of Jun River and Wujiazhuang Reservoir comply with relevant PRC class IV standards. 4. Noise 157. Urban noise. In 2018, the annual average 12-hour daytime noise level was 54.8 dB(A) while the 12-hour nighttime noise level was 51.7 dB(A) , which complies with the Class II standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096－2008). 158. Traffic noise. Traffic noise results show that the overall average daytime traffic noise is 70.6 dB(A) which marginally complies with the Class 4a standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096－2008) of 70 dB(A), applicable to urban trunk roads. 159. Noise monitoring was implemented at the plant boundaries and adjacent sensitive site. The monitoring was carried out at over a 24-hour period on March 19, 2019. Weather conditions were sunny and cloudless with wind speed less than 5.0 m/s, which is in compliance with relevant PRC meteorological requirements for noise monitoring. 160. Monitoring was undertaken with HS 6298 and Aiwa AWA6218 multi-functional ambient noise detectors. Monitoring at the plant site boundaries was undertaken in accordance with the relevant requirements in PRC Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises at Site Boundary (GB12348-2008). Noise monitoring at adjacent sensitive sites was undertaken in accordance with the relevant requirements in PRC Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB30962008). Figure IV-10 presents the location of the monitoring points (site boundaries and adjacent sensitive locations). Table IV-11 presents the monitoring results. 75 Figure IV-10: Noise Monitoring location Source: Domestic EIA (2019). Table IV-11: Monitoring Results of Noise at Site Boundaries (unit: Leq dB(A)) Date March 19, 2018 Monitoring period Monitoring results Monitoring results Limit Gaoquan Village Limit No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 Daytime 54.2 55.4 56.5 53.1 65 48.5 55 Nighttime 38.5 38.5 39.3 34.3 55 36.5 45 Source: Domestic EIA (2019). 161. The results indicate that daytime and nighttime noise levels at the at the site boundaries meet the applicable Class III standards (65 dB(A) daytime, 55 dB(A) nighttime) in PRC Noise Standards for Industrial Enterprises at Site Boundary (GB12348-2008). The results also indicate that daytime and nighttime noise levels at the adjacent sensitive locations meet the applicable Class I standards (55 dB(A) daytime, 45 dB(A) nighttime) in PRC Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008). E. Ecology and Sensitive Resources 162. Ecology. Linyi City is home to a reported 1,235 plant species in 152 families. The fauna resources of Linyi include wild terrestrial and aquatic species typically associated with river basins. 76 163. Natural vegetation is sparse and concentrated in the mountain area. In the vast loess hilly area, the forest coverage rate is lower. Shrub and grass coverage are poor. 164. The subproject site is in mountain valley. Natural flora within the subproject area is destroyed due to the mining activities in the past and there are no known ecological and/or sensitive resources in or near the subproject site. (Figure IV-11). (i) Construction site is covered for dust control 77 (ii) Surroundings of subproject site 78 (iii) Surroundings of subproject site Figure IV-11: Subproject site conditions 165. Based on the domestic EIA, site surveys and records review, there are no known rare or endangered flora or fauna, species with international, national or provincial protection status, areas of natural or critical habitat, 8 parks, nature reserves, or areas with special national, regional or local ecological significance within or adjacent to any of the subproject site. There are also no known drinking water sources, scenic sites, or, based on both sites surveys and a review of relevant literature, sites with Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs). 9 12F 13F 8 Natural habitat is land and water areas where the biological communities are formed largely by native plant and animal species, and where human activity has not essentially modified the area’s primary ecological functions. Critical habitat are areas with high biodiversity value, including habitat required for the survival of critically endangered or endangered species; areas having special significance for endemic or restricted-range species; sites that are critical for the survival of migratory species; areas supporting globally significant concentrations or numbers of individuals of congregatory species; areas with unique assemblages of species or that are associated with key evolutionary processes or provide key ecosystem services; and areas having biodiversity of significant social, economic, or cultural importance to local communities (Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook, ADB, 2012). 9 PCRs are broadly defined as covering all types of tangible cultural heritage, including movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic or other cultural significance. PCR are human-made objects, natural features, or a mix of the two. They may be located in urban or rural areas and may be above or 79 166. Sensitive receptors. The domestic EIA report identifies 7 sensitive receptors for air and noise impacts near the subproject site during construction phase and operation phase (Table IV-12). Table IV-12: Sensitive receptors near the plant No. Location Direction Distance (m) 1 Chaoyang Village N 1,700 2 Niushanhou Village NE 1,300 3 Gaoquan Village NE 619 4 Dong’ezhuang Village SE 1,180 5 Xi’ezhuang Village S 910 6 Dongxigao Village SE 1,288 7 Dongwumen Village W 2,376 Source: Domestic EIA (2019). 167. Locations of all sensitive receptors are presented in Figure IV-9. Sensitive receptors are given special attention in the assessment of impacts (Section V) and the EMP (Appendix I). F. Socio-economic and Cultural Resources 168. Linyi city. Linyi City is comprised of 3 districts (Lanshan, Hedong and Luozhuang) and 9 counties (Yishui, Mengyin, Pingyi, Fei, Lanling, Tancheng, Linshu, Junan and Yinan) (Figure IV-12). The city has a total area of 17,191.2 km2. 169. Total population was 11.24 million by the end of 2017 (Table IV-13). below ground or underwater. They may be known and listed on official inventories, but often they are undiscovered (Environment Safeguards: A Good Practice Sourcebook, ADB, 2012). 80 Figure IV-12: Map of Linyi City administrative divisions Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linyi Table IV-13: Data on Linyi City administrative divisions Subdivision Lanshan Luozhuang Hedong Yinan Tancheng Yishui Lanling Fei Pingyi Junan Mengyin Linshu Total Land Area (km²) 674.0 378.9 743.4 1811.6 1214.2 2486.7 1838.2 1695.2 1863.7 1789.2 1636.0 1060.0 17191.2 Population (million) 1.43 0.74 0.74 0.89 0.93 1.12 1.31 0.85 1.01 0.99 0.55 0.69 11.24 Population Density (persons/km²) 2116.6 1952.1 1002.1 488.8 766.0 449.5 712.1 500.0 540.7 554.7 335.0 651.8 653.8 Source: Linyi Statistical Bureau, 2018 170. There are 48 ethnicities in Linyi including Hui, Mongolian and Manchu. However, the ethnic minorities only account for 0.48% of the total population while the rest is Han ethnicity. None of the ethnic groups will be affected by the subproject implementation. 171. Economy. In 2018, the city’s GDP was CNY 471.78 billion, of which the primary sector 81 accounted for 7.8%; the secondary sector accounted for 43.0%; and the tertiary sector accounted for 49.2%. Per capita disposable income in 2018 was CNY 25,545 while in urban area was CNY 35,727 and in rural area was CNY 13,638. 172. Employment. In 2018, Linyi’s employees have increased by 12,4000 and the registered unemployment rate was 2.27%. 173. Traffic. Linyi has a well-developed railway, highway and aviation transportation network, and has become an important hub connecting with eastern, northern, central and western regions of the PRC. 174. Linyi is one of the 45 national arterial hubs of the highway network. Linyi’s own highway network is highly developed with multiple national highways, including Jinghu highway, Ridong highway, Qinglan highway, Changshen highway and Linzao highway. Linyi airport has 42 domestic airlines and 4 international airlines which connected to 33 cities. 6 railways went through Linyi which were Xinhegunri Railway, Jinyulu Railway, Jiaoxin Railway, Zaolin Railway, Dongping Railway and Pinglan Railway. 175. Physical Cultural Resources. Linyi was an ancient source of Chinese civilization. The area was inhabited as early as four or five hundred thousand years ago. Five thousand years ago, people had mastered the craft of winemaking. It was the territory of Qi, Lu and Chu State before the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). 176. Linyi has a rich history. However, there are no known PCRs in subproject site or in a radius of 500 m from the subproject site and within the airshed that could be affected by the subproject. 82 V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 177. Anticipated positive and negative environmental impacts of the proposed subproject were assessed based on the domestic FSR, domestic EIA, a technical due diligence review of the FSR undertaken by I&G consultant, site visits, surveys and consultations undertaken by IA and I&G consultant. 178. Pre-construction, construction and operation phases were considered separately. The results of the assessment indicate that during the pre-construction phase environmental issues are very limited and are mostly associated with ensuring appropriate incorporation of mitigation measures into the subproject design. 179. Potential negative environmental impacts during the construction phase are short-term and localized, and are associated with construction noise, fugitive dust, disruption of traffic and community services, and risks to worker and community health and safety. Potential negative operation phase impacts are mainly associated with boiler emissions, solid waste, wastewater, noise, and health and safety risks to workers and community and may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. 180. Potential positive operation phase impacts are significant and long-term and are associated with emissions reductions compared to equivalent power and heat production from coal-fired boilers. A. Pre-Construction Phase Measures to be Implemented During Detailed Design 1. Siting and Land Acquisition 181. The subproject will not entail any permanent or temporary physical displacement or economic displacement. This is because: (i) Based on social specialist’s work, up to now, compensation work for land acquisition of the Plant has been completed and all compensation fees have been paid off. The certificate for the use of state-owned land has been obtained. Land acquisition has been completed for those subprojects in which new facilities will be constructed, and was found to be in compliance with PRC and ADB requirements. (ii) The compensation rates, resettlement program, and compensation distribution program of the proposed plant have been determined through repeated consultations. Compensation for acquired land has been paid to the affected households timely and in full. As a result, there has been no complaint on this issue. The compensation rates and resettlement program comply with the applicable state and provincial regulations and policies, and ADB’s involuntary resettlement safeguard principles. The APs are satisfied with the resettlement policies, and their income has risen, demonstrating that the resettlement program of the proposed plant has been effective. 182. Overall, the subproject will not result in any involuntary land acquisition, resettlement or physical displacement. There will be no loss of personal property, structures, crops, trees or 83 other assets. There are also no potential adverse impacts on disadvantaged or vulnerable groups, including the poor, women and children, and Indigenous Peoples. 2. Mitigation Measures and Monitoring during Detailed Design 183. Mitigation measures to be adopted during detailed design to minimize the impacts are as follows: (i) Detailed Design. Environmental mitigation and pollution control measures indicated in this EIA, the EMP and the domestic EIA will be incorporated into the detailed design. (ii) Organization. A PMO will be established and an external Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) will be hired by the I&G. (iii) Institutional strengthening: Prior to the start of construction, the institutional strengthening and training program will be delivered by the LIEC. The training will focus on ADB’s and PRC’s relevant environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and policies; implementation of the EMP, environmental monitoring, chance find procedures for PCRs, and the GRM. Training will be provided to the IA, relevant PMO staff, and contractors. (iv) Bidding Documents and Contracts. Environmental mitigation measures indicated in this EIA, the EMP and the domestic EIA will be included in contracts for civil works and equipment installations. All contractors will be required to strictly comply with the EMP. (v) Environmental monitoring. The environmental monitoring program (EMoP, see Table 3 in Appendix I) will be incorporated into the design to ensure that environmental impacts are closely monitored and activities of the subproject construction and operation are closely supervised against the PRC environmental laws, regulations and standards, ADB SPS, EMP and the approved domestic EIA. 3. Grievance Redress Mechanism 184. In accordance with the GRM presented in Chapter VIII of the EIA, a staff member from IA will be assigned to be overall responsible for the GRM; GRM training will be provided to PMO, IA and GRM access points; and the GRM access point phone numbers, fax numbers, addresses and emails will be disclosed to the public at the construction site and the plant. 4. Training and Capacity Building 185. An institutional strengthening and training program will be delivered by LIEC (see Table 4 in Appendix I). The training will focus on ADB’s and PRC’s environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and policies; implementation of the EMP, EMoP, the GRM and international good EHS practices. Training will be provided to the IA, relevant staff and contractors and the construction supervision company. 5. 186. Permitting All necessary permits have been obtained from the relevant authorities. 84 B. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 187. Potential impacts during the construction phase could include air pollution, noise, water pollution, solid waste and poor occupational health and safety practices. Potential air quality impacts could occur due to fugitive dust generated at construction sites from stockpiles of uncovered earth materials, and vehicles hauling materials. The use of powered mechanical equipment (PME) during construction activities will generate noise. Construction activities will generate process wastewater and construction workers will produce wastewater. Wastewater generation is expected to be limited considering the nature and scale of construction. Construction works will produce construction waste. Workers will face occupational health and safety issues working on construction sites. Potential impacts are assessed and addressed below. Identified impacts can be readily addressed through the application of good construction site practices. 1. Impacts to Flora and Fauna 188. Typical construction impacts on flora and fauna include removal of vegetation and disruption of the ecosystem during construction. If present, rare or endangered flora or fauna may also be impacted. However, based on site visit the subproject construction site is with little or no vegetation cover due to the mining activities in the past. It is therefore unlikely that there will be direct impacts on natural lands or ecological values from subproject site developments. 189. The locations of subproject site have been reviewed against provincial records provided by the IBAT 10 maps of Shandong protected areas and Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBBAs). No subproject encroaches on any legally protected natural area or other critical habitats. 14F 190. Based on site visits, there is no known rare or endangered flora or fauna, parks, nature reserves or areas with special ecological significance which will be impacted by the subproject. Impacts on flora or fauna are thus expected to be minimal and short-term. Nonetheless, to address potential impacts, a greening plan will be implemented. Site vegetation plans will be developed at subproject site using appropriate local native species. Any existing greening areas impacted by the subproject will be restored post-construction using appropriate native species. 191. During construction, construction working areas will be demarcated to prevent encroachment and damage to adjacent areas. 2. Erosion and Spoil 192. Construction activities such as land leveling, excavation and filling activities may lead to surface erosion. The most vulnerable soil erosion areas in the construction site include excavation sites, leveling sites, spoil sites, temporary construction sites, and other areas where surface soil is disturbed. Soil erosion can also be more serious on slopes or near water bodies, though based on site visits all construction sites are generally flat and there are no rivers, streams, ditches or lakes that are likely to be affected. Soil erosion can also occur after the completion of construction if site restoration is inadequate. Pipeline excavation and burial may also cause localized erosion and mudding of adjacent road. Finally, construction activities may 10 International Biodiversity Assessment Tool. https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/ 85 generate surplus spoil. 193. These impacts can be mitigated through typical good construction practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on Construction and Decommissioning (C&D), erosion controls and site maintenance: (i) At construction site, the potential for storm water runoff will be assessed and appropriate storm water drainage systems to minimize soil erosion will be implemented, including perimeter bunds and establishment of temporary detention and settling ponds to control topsoil runoff. (ii) Land excavation and filling will be balanced so as minimize the requirement for fill material transportation. (iii) During earthworks, the area of soil exposed to potential erosion at any time will be minimized through good project and construction management practices. (iv) Temporary spoil storage sites or storage containers will be identified, designed, and operated to minimize impacts. Spoil sites will be restored at the conclusion of storage activities. (v) Spoil will be reused on-site to the maximum extent feasible as fill. Excess spoil that cannot be used on-site will be transported to an approved spoil disposal site. (vi) Spoil and aggregate piles will be covered with landscape material and/or regularly watered. (vii) Waste construction material such as residual concrete, asphalt, etc., will be properly handled for reuse or disposal. (viii) Construction and material handling activities will be limited or halted during periods of rains and high winds. (ix) Any planned paving or vegetating of areas will be done as soon as practical after the materials are removed to protect and stabilize the soil. (x) Once construction is complete, disturbed surfaces will be properly sloped and revegetated with native trees and grass (see greening plan). (xi) Based on site visit, the spoil disposal site is close to the subproject site at the north direction. Conduct subproject completion audit to confirm that spoil disposal site rehabilitation meets required standard, hold contractor liable in case of noncompliance. 3. Wastewater 194. Inappropriate disposal of domestic wastewater (from construction workers) or construction wastewater (from drainage of washing construction equipment and vehicles, and oil-containing wastewater from machinery repairs) may cause soil or groundwater resources contamination. 195. Construction wastewater will be produced from the maintenance and cleaning of mechanical equipment and vehicles, maintenance water for mixing and curing concrete, and lost water and soil during the construction period which is discharged as pollutants. It is unlikely that runoff from site will reach distant water bodies, however, to guard against runoff and infiltration impacting the immediately surrounding areas, the contractors shall ensure that runoff 86 from site will not reach distant water bodies. 196. Inappropriate disposal of construction wastewater (from construction site runoff, washing construction equipment and vehicles, pouring and curing concrete, and oil-containing wastewater from machinery repairs) could potentially pollute nearby water bodies and clog local drains. Workers will generate but limited amount of domestic wastewater. 197. To prevent pollution of water resources, the following mitigation measures and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D, will be implemented: (i) Worker camp will be installed with sufficient toilets (based on the staff numbers, 4 toilets are sufficient) which will be provided for the workers and will be cleaned and discharged to the municipal sewerage system on a regular basis. Once the construction starts, if it is found that 4 toilets are not enough or there are female workers, more toilets will be provided. (ii) Construction wastewater will be directed to temporary detention and settling ponds, and then treated water will be partly recycled for use in dust control and the rest of treated water will be discharged to the local municipal sewer system and the waste residue in the tank is cleared and transported to designated certificated and engineered landfills by the local sanitation department personnel. If needed, polyacrylamide flocculent will be used to facilitate particle settling. All discharged construction wastewater will to be treated to meet the appropriate PRC standard GB/T 31962-2015 prior to discharge. Discharged water will then be treated in the Pingyi Dongcheng WWTP. (iii) All necessary measures will be undertaken to prevent construction materials and waste from entering drains and water bodies. (iv) Maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles will not be allowed on sites to reduce wastewater generation. (v) Oil traps are provided for service areas and parking areas, and oil-water separators are installed before the sedimentation tank for oil-containing wastewater; (vi) All construction machinery is repaired and washed at special repairing shops. No on-site machine repair, maintenance and washing shall be allowed so as to reduce wastewater generation; (vii) Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials are within secured areas on impermeable surfaces with 110% volume of the materials stored, and provided with bunds and cleanup kits; (viii) The contractors’ fuel suppliers are properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and are in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88); (ix) Construction wastewater will be directed to temporary detention and settling ponds. Areas where construction equipment is being washed will be equipped with water collection basins and sediment traps. After settling, supernatant will be recycled and sediment will be periodically excavated, and either reused if possible as fill, disposed at official spoil disposal sites, or disposed at official or landfills. 87 (x) Maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles will not be allowed on site so as to reduce wastewater generation. 4. Air Pollution 198. Fugitive emission of dust (measured as TSP) during earthworks and fumes from asphalting and concrete batching off-site are expected to be the main air pollutants during the construction stage. The PRC Shandong Province’s integrated particulate matter emission standard for stationary sources in Shandong Province (DB 37/1996-2011) establishes standards for the emission of air pollutants from these activities. 199. Fugitive dust will be generated on construction sites during earthworks from construction activities, uncovered earth material stockpiles on construction sites and temporary spoil storage and disposal areas (and containers), and from vehicles hauling loads, especially if loads are uncovered. The EIA predicts unmitigated compliance with the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) at 150 m downwind of TSP generating activities or locations. With mitigation measures such as frequent watering of unpaved areas and haul roads (7–8 times each day), the EIA estimates that the amount of dust could be reduced by 70% or more and the impact area be reduced to within 100 m downwind of earthwork activities. Impacts will be short-term and localized, and in line with typical construction works that occur daily in cities throughout the PRC and the world. 200. Anticipated sources of air pollution from construction activities include: (i) dust generated from loading, hauling and unloading; (ii) dust generated from disturbed and uncovered construction areas, especially on windy days; (iii) dust generated by the movement of vehicles and heavy machinery on unpaved access and haul roads; (vi) emissions from construction vehicles (gaseous CO and NO2) and heavy diesel machinery and equipment. 201. Without appropriate mitigations, construction phase activities may generate significant localized total suspended particulate (TSP) 11 levels, with worst case conditions occurring in clear weather without watering. 15F 202. To reduce air quality impacts during the construction period, the following air quality management measure and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D will be implemented: 11 (i) Water will be sprayed on active construction sites including where fugitive dust is being generated on a daily basis, and more frequently during windy days. (ii) Transport vehicles will be limited to low speeds at construction sites. (iii) Loads will be covered during truck transportation to avoid spillage or fugitive dust generation. Fine materials will be transported in fully contained trucks. (iv) Construction site roads will be well maintained and watered and swept on an asneeded basis. Construction site road entry points will be equipped with truck drive through wash ponds. (v) Transport routes and delivery schedules will be planned to avoid densely populated and sensitive areas, and high traffic times. Airborne particles or aerosols that are less than 100 micrometers are collectively referred to as total suspended particulate matter (TSP). 88 (vi) Store petroleum or other harmful materials in appropriate places and cover to minimize fugitive dust and emission. (vii) Provide regular maintenance to vehicles in order to limit gaseous emissions (to be done off-site). (viii) Temporary fencing will be erected around dusty activities. (ix) Construction spoil, aggregate and other construction materials will be temporary stored using containers, but they may the potential to generate dust. Thus, containers will be covered and/or watered if necessary. Powdered materials such as cement and lime will be stored in sealed bags or containers. (x) Muddy or dusty materials on public roads outside the exits of works areas will be cleaned immediately. (xi) On-site asphalting and concrete batching are prohibited. (xii) Disturbed site will be revegetated as soon as possible after the completion of works. 203. Overall, air quality impacts from construction activities will be short-term (because of the phased construction approach), localized and low in magnitude, and are in line with typical construction or road works undertaken daily in cities throughout the PRC and around the world. 5. Noise Impacts 204. During the construction phase, noise and vibration will be generated on site by construction activities using heavy equipment and by the transport of construction materials and equipment. Noise source during construction phase is considered a point source, and the predictive model is as follows: Li  L0  20lg Ri  L R0 Where, Li and L0 are equipment sound levels at Ri and R0, respectively, ΔL is additional decrement produced by barriers, vegetation and air. 205. For the impact of multiple construction machines on a location, sound level superposition uses the following formula: L  10 lg  10 0 .1 L i 206. A significant increase in localized noise is expected during construction. Noise will be from construction activities including equipment unload and installation and other heavy machinery, as well as noise from goods and material transportation. The major anticipated noise sources at each construction stage are presented in Table V-1. Though noise levels may be high, the impacts will be temporary and localized, and can be further mitigated. Noise fence will be installed during construction to mitigate noise impacts. 89 Table V-1: Primary noise sources at each construction stage Construction Phase Earthwork Foundation Construction No Name 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Excavator Loader Bulldozer Dump truck Pile equipment Land leveler Crane Truck crane Concrete pump truck Concrete transport vehicle Vibrator Electrical drill Electrical hammer Electrical saw Trailer Flat car Truck 3.1 Structure Construction Final Finishing Transport Vehicle 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 80-85 85-90 85-90 85-90 95-105 85-90 70-75 70-75 Distance from the source (m) 5 5 3 3 15 15 15 15 90-93 4 90-93 4 85-90 85-95 90-95 90-95 70-75 70-75 70-75 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 Sound Level dB(A) Noise level without/with fence 40-45/30-35 45-50/35-40 45-50/35-40 45-50/35-40 55-65/45-55 45-50/35-40 30-35/20-25 30-35/20-25 50-53/40-43 50-53/40-43 45-50/35-40 45-55/35-40 50-55/40-45 50-55/40-45 30-35/20-25 30-35/20-25 30-35/20-25 Directivity No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Source: Domestic EIA. 207. To ensure construction activities meet PRC noise standards and to protect workers and adjacent residents, the following mitigation measures and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D will be implemented: (i) Construction activities will be planned in consultation with local authorities and communities so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise and vibration are planned during periods of the day that will result in the least disturbance. (ii) Construction activities, and particularly noisy ones, are to be limited to reasonable hours during the day and early evening. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited during the nighttime (22:00 h to 07:00 h). Exceptions will only be allowed in special cases, and only after getting approval of the surrounding residents, local EEB and other relevant departments. And nearby residents should be notified of such night time activities well in advance. (iii) When undertaking construction planning, simultaneous high-noise activities will be avoided, and high noise activities will be scheduled during the day rather than evening hours. Similarly, construction site will be planned to avoid multiple high noise activities or equipment from operating at the same location. 90 (iv) Low-noise equipment will be selected as much as possible. Equipment and machinery will be equipped with mufflers and will be properly maintained to minimize noise. (v) Proper PPE will be provided to workers to meet the requirements in occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in work place Part 2: physical agents (GBZ 2.2-2007) and EHS Guidelines. (vi) Transportation routes and delivery schedules will be planned during detailed design to avoid densely populated and sensitive areas and high traffic times. (vii) Vehicles transporting construction materials or waste will slow down and not use their horn when passing through or nearby sensitive locations, such as residential communities, schools and hospitals. (viii) Special attention will be paid to protect sensitive sites near the subproject site. High noise construction activities will be positioned as far away from sensitive sites as possible. 6. Solid Waste 208. Solid waste generated in the construction phase will include construction and domestic waste. Construction wastes include various waste packing materials and waste generated during equipment installation and cleaning. An estimated of 0.5 kg/day per worker of domestic waste will be generated from construction workers. Inappropriate waste storage and disposal could affect soil, groundwater, and surface water resources, and hence, public health and sanitation. 209. The following solid waste management measure and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D will be implemented: (i) Wastes will be reused or recycled to the extent possible. (ii) Littering by workers will be prohibited. (iii) Excavated soil will be backfilled onsite to the extent possible. Excess spoil that cannot be used on-site will be transported to an approved spoil disposal site. (iv) Existing domestic waste containers will be used for domestic waste collection at work sites. Domestic waste will be collected on a regular basis by the local sanitation departments and transported for recycling, reuse, or disposal at a licensed landfill, in accordance with relevant PRC regulations and requirements. (v) Construction waste dumpsters will be provided at all work sites. Construction waste will be collected on a regular basis by a licensed waste collection company and transported for recycling, reuse, or disposal at a licensed landfill, in accordance with relevant PRC regulations and requirements. (vi) There should be no final waste disposal on site. Waste incineration at or near the site is strictly prohibited. (vii) Contractors will be held responsible for proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes, spoil and contaminated soils that remain on the site after construction. 7. Hazardous and Polluting Materials 91 210. Inappropriate transportation, storage, use and spills of petroleum products and hazardous materials such as oily waste can cause soil, surface and groundwater contamination. To prevent this, the following mitigation measures and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D will be implemented: (i) A hazardous material handling and disposal protocol that includes spill emergency response will be prepared and implemented by contractors. (ii) Storage facilities for fuels, oil, chemicals and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces provided with dikes with a 110% volume, and at least 300 m from drainage structures and important water bodies. A standalone site within the storage facility will be designated for hazardous wastes. (iii) Signs will be placed at chemicals and hazardous materials storage sites to provide information on type and name of chemicals and hazardous materials. (iv) Suppliers of chemicals and hazardous materials must hold proper licenses and follow all relevant protocols and PRC regulations and requirements. (v) A licensed company will be hired to collect, transport, and dispose of hazardous materials in accordance with relevant PRC regulations and requirements. 8. Impacts on Community Health and Safety 211. Subproject construction activities have the potential to cause community disturbance such as traffic congestion or delays, and public safety risks from heavy vehicles and machinery traffic and risk to kids trying to get onto construction site. Mitigations and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and EHS general guidelines will be implemented to address traffic and other community disturbance issues. (i) Transportation routes and delivery schedules will be planned during detailed design to avoid densely populated and sensitive areas and high traffic times. (ii) Vehicles transporting construction materials or wastes will slow down and not use their horn when passing through or nearby sensitive locations, such as residential communities, schools and hospitals. (iii) Signs will be placed at construction sites in clear view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving. All sites will be made secure, discouraging access by members of the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate. (iv) Emergency response system and health and safety protocols will be developed by the IA before construction. 9. Workers Occupational Health and Safety 212. Construction may cause physical hazards to workers from noise and vibration, dust, handling heavy materials and equipment, falling objects, work on slippery surfaces, fire hazards, chemical hazards such as toxic fumes and vapors, and others. 213. Contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect the health and safety of their workers: 92 (i) Each contractor will undertake H&S risk assessment of construction works and implement relevant construction phase EHS plan in line with construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and Occupational H&S guidelines. (ii) Identify and minimize the causes of potential hazards to workers. Implement appropriate safety measures. (iii) Provide training to workers on occupational health and safety, emergency response, especially with respect to using potentially dangerous equipment and storage, handling and disposal of hazardous waste. Induction will be conducted before construction and no worker is allowed on site without induction. (iv) Ensure that all equipment is maintained in a safe operating condition. (v) Provide appropriate PPE to workers. (vi) Provide procedures for limiting exposure to high noise or heat working environments in compliance with PRC occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in work place Part 2: physical agents (GBZ 2.2-2007) and World Bank EHS Guidelines. (vii) Ensure regular safety meetings with staff. 10. Physical Culture Resources 214. Based on site visits there are no known cultural heritage or archaeological sites at or near the subproject sites. However, construction activities have the potential to disturb as yet unknown underground cultural relics. To address this issue, a construction phase chance find procedure will be established and activated if any chance finds of PCRs are encountered: C. (i) construction activities will be immediately suspended if any PCRs are encountered; (ii) destroying, damaging, defacing, or concealing PCRs will be strictly prohibited in accordance with PRC regulations; (iii) local Cultural Heritage Bureau will be promptly informed and consulted; and, (iv) construction activities will resume only after thorough investigation and with the permission of the local Cultural Heritage Bureau. (v) In case of any PCR is found, ADB SPS 2009 requirements as well as PRC laws and regulations will be followed. Anticipated Operation Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures 215. The subproject may cause some adverse impacts during operation including air pollution from waste combustion, noise, use of water, production of wastewater and solid wastes, fire and safety hazards, and community and workers health and safety. 1. Air Pollution 216. The primary air emission is the exhaust gas from waste incineration. To minimize emissions and associated impacts, the subproject will be designed to be in compliance with the most stringent PRC national standard (see Table II-6). 93 217. Atmospheric dispersion modelling was undertaken by EIA Institute utilizing AERMOD, a US EPA and PRC approved steady-state short range (up to 50 km) plume model that incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of all point, surface and body sources. 12 AERMOD can simulate the concentration distribution in both the short term (1-hour and daily average concentrations) and the long term (annual average concentrations). AERMOD is applicable for rural or urban districts and simple or complicated terrain. The impact of bottom flow of buildings (e.g. plume downwash) is also taken into account. AERMOD uses meteorological data for 1-hour continuous pre-treatment to simulate average concentration distribution in periods down to 1 hour. AERMOD includes two preprocessors: AERMET, which accepts surface meteorological data and upper air soundings, and then calculates atmospheric parameters needed by the dispersion model; and AERMAP, a terrain preprocessor which provide a physical relationship between terrain features and the behavior of air pollution plumes. It generates location and height data for each receptor location. It also provides information that allows the dispersion model to simulate the effects of air flowing over hills or splitting to flow around hills. 16F 218. Ground characteristic parameters required by AERMOD (surface albedo at high noon, Bowen at daytime and ground roughness) were set according to recommended parameters in the reference model suitable for the subproject area. Atmospheric diffusion parameters mainly use ground meteorological data and sounding meteorological data to generate the predicted meteorological input document. a. Meteorological Data 219. Climate data from 1999-2018 and daily and hourly conventional meteorological data for 2016 was obtained from the Pingyi meteorological station to provide meteorological data for the atmospheric dispersion modeling. The Pingyi meteorological station is located at 35°31′48″N and 117°38′48″E and is about 10 km away from the plant. 220. The modeling utilized one year of 8,784 hourly and 366 daily meteorological data for 2018, including hourly wind directions and wind speed for each day, dry-bulb temperature, ground data like cloud cover (total cloud cover and low cloud cover), etc. Daily high-altitude data was extrapolated in AERMET from two times per day every 100 m from 0-3000 m. The AERMET estimate method was used for mixed layer height. The default of 200 calculated layers was utilized with a maximum altitude of 5000 m. 221. From 1999 to 2018, maximum wind speed of Pingyi is 17.2 m/s, extreme high temperature is 41.9°C (2002) and extreme low temperature is -17.3°C (2016), maximum annual precipitation is 1,236.4 mm in 2003. Table V-2 presents summary data obtained for the period 1996-2016 from the Pingyi meteorological station. Table V-2: Summary of Pingyi meteorological data, 1999-2018 Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Wind speed (m/s) 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 12 AERMOD is recommended model in Appendix A of Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Atmospheric Environment (HJ2.2-2008). 94 Temperature (°C) -0.2 2.9 8.9 15.7 21.3 25.0 26.9 26.0 21.7 15.7 8.1 1.5 Relative humidity (%) 57.3 56.3 50.1 52.4 57.8 63.5 77.5 77.8 73.0 66.2 64.7 60.0 Precipitation (mm) 7.0 13.1 13.9 29.4 69.5 93.0 221.3 156.5 87.7 25.9 28.7 11.6 Sunshine duration (hour) 156.1 153.8 208.5 226.8 243.7 208.3 182.5 185.0 172.5 177.4 161.1 156.0 222. Wind direction frequency of Pingyi meteorological station from 1999 to 2018 is presented in Table V-3. Table V-3: Summary Pingyi wind direction frequency data, 1999-2018. 223. Wind direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE Frequency 6.0 5.8 3.7 0.7 1.2 19.7 Wind direction SE SSE S SSW SW WSW Frequency 15.2 4.1 2.6 7.6 5.8 3.9 Wind direction W WNW NW NNW Frequency 2.0 10.6 6.5 4.3 Calm wind 0.3 Wind rose of Pingyi from 1999 to 2018 is presented in Figure V-1. Figure V-1: Pingyi wind roses, based on data from 1999-2018 b. 224. Atmospheric Dispersion Model Scenarios Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Scenarios of the subproject are presented below: (i) Scenario 1: Worst case SO2, PM10 and NO2 ground level concentrations (GLCs) over the entire 2017 modelling period (8640h) with both incinerators running simultaneously, including: 95 (ii) 225. (a) Worst case predicted 1-hour averaging period SO2, NO2, CO, NH3, H2S, HCL, fluoride GLCs at the sensitive receptors; (b) Worst case predicted 24-hour averaging period SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, HCL and fluoride GLCs; (c) Worst case predicted annual averaging period SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and manganese GLCs. Scenario 2: Worst case SO2, PM10 and NO2 ground level concentrations (GLCs) over the entire 2017 modelling period (8640h) with both boilers running simultaneously, superimposed over worst case background ambient air quality monitoring data, including13: (a) Worst case predicted 1-hour averaging period SO2, NO2, CO, NH3, H2S, HCL, fluoride GLCs + worst case ambient concentration at monitoring sites. (b) Worst case predicted 24-hour averaging period SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, HCL and fluoride GLCs + worst case ambient concentration at monitoring sites. (c) Worst case predicted annual averaging period SO2, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 GLCs + worst case ambient concentration at monitoring sites. c. Atmospheric Dispersion Model Input The emission parameters of the subproject are presented in Table V-4. Table V-4: Parameter of dispersion modelling Emission concentration Emission rate Annual emission quantity (mg/m3) (kg/h) (t/a) PM 8 0.99 7.92 HCl 40 0.50 3.96 SO2 25 3.09 24.75 NOx 180 22.28 178.21 CO 50 6.19 49.50 HF 2 0.25 1.98 Hg 0.0029 0.000359 0.002871 Cd 0.00084 0.000104 0.000832 Tl 0.0000862 0.000011 0.000085 Pb 0.00143 0.000177 0.001416 Pollutants 13 The average annual concentrations in Linyi in 2017 were used as annual baseline concentrations. 96 Cu 0.00169 0.000209 0.001673 Co 0.00067 0.000083 0.000663 Ni 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 As 0.0167 0.002067 0.016534 Mn 0.00665 0.000823 0.006584 Sb 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 Cr 0.00913 0.001130 0.009039 0.1 0.0124 0.099 (TEQ ng/m3) (TEQ mg/h) (TEQ g/a) Dioxin Source: Domestic EIA (2019). d. Meteorological Data 226. Climate data from 1998-2018 and daily and hourly conventional meteorological data in 2016 was obtained from the Pingyi meteorological station to provide meteorological data for atmospheric dispersion modeling. 227. The modeling utilized one year of hourly and daily meteorological data for the year 2017, including hourly wind directions and wind speed for each day in 2017, dry-bulb temperature, ground data like cloud cover (total cloud cover and low cloud cover), etc. Daily high-altitude data was extrapolated in AERMET from two times per day every 100 m from 0 -3000 m. The missed layer heights were calculated using AERMET’s default method. The default of 200 calculated layers was utilized with a maximum altitude of 5000 m. 228. Ground characteristic parameters required by AERMOD (surface albedo at high noon, Bowen at daytime and ground roughness) were set according to recommended parameters in the reference model suitable for the subproject. Atmospheric diffusion parameters mainly use ground meteorological data and sounding meteorological data to generate the predicted meteorological input document. e. Scenario 1 Result 229. The Scenario 1 worst case SO2 GLCs and corresponding date and position are presented in Table V-5, Figure V-2 to Figure V-19. 230. The modelling shows that, under the meteorological conditions of 2017, the worst case GLCs at the sensitive receptors and grid can meet the limits. 231. Based on the modeling results, these worst case GLCs are only predicted to occur one time in the modeling year (2017). 97 Table V-5: Scenario 1 worst case pollutants GLCs of the sensitive receptors by the subproject and corresponding date (mg/m3) Pollutants Location Chaoyang Village Niushanghou Village Gaoquan Village SO2 Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village Unit GLC Date Limit Ratio of limit (%) Compliance 1-hour average 6.44E-03 17122215 5.00E-01 1.29 Yes 24-hour average 7.36E-04 170617 1.50E-01 0.49 Yes Annual average 8.71E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.15 Yes 1-hour average 3.52E-03 17032111 5.00E-01 0.7 Yes 24-hour average 8.74E-04 170710 1.50E-01 0.58 Yes Annual average 8.19E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.14 Yes 1-hour average 4.07E-03 17101608 5.00E-01 0.81 Yes 24-hour average 5.88E-04 170606 1.50E-01 0.39 Yes Annual average 7.63E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.13 Yes 1-hour average 3.66E-03 17101608 5.00E-01 0.73 Yes 24-hour average 7.04E-04 170814 1.50E-01 0.47 Yes Annual average 7.94E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.13 Yes 1-hour average 5.77E-03 17010314 5.00E-01 1.15 Yes 24-hour average 6.97E-04 170813 1.50E-01 0.46 Yes Annual average 6.48E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.11 Yes 1-hour average 3.34E-03 17032308 5.00E-01 0.67 Yes 24-hour average 2.40E-04 170323 1.50E-01 0.16 Yes Annual average 2.05E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.03 Yes 1-hour average 4.10E-03 17120613 5.00E-01 0.82 Yes 24-hour average 3.43E-04 170801 1.50E-01 0.23 Yes Annual average 4.60E-05 NA 6.00E-02 0.08 Yes 98 Chaoyang Village Niushanghou Village Gaoquan Village NO2 Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village CO Chaoyang Village Niushanghou Village 1-hour average 1.39E-02 17122215 2.00E-01 6.96 Yes 24-hour average 1.59E-03 170617 8.00E-02 1.99 Yes Annual average 1.88E-04 NA 4.00E-02 0.47 Yes 1-hour average 7.60E-03 17032111 2.00E-01 3.8 Yes 24-hour average 1.89E-03 170710 8.00E-02 2.36 Yes Annual average 1.77E-04 NA 4.00E-02 0.44 Yes 1-hour average 8.79E-03 17101608 2.00E-01 4.39 Yes 24-hour average 1.27E-03 170606 8.00E-02 1.59 Yes Annual average 1.65E-04 NA 4.00E-02 0.41 Yes 1-hour average 7.91E-03 17101608 2.00E-01 3.95 Yes 24-hour average 1.52E-03 170814 8.00E-02 1.9 Yes Annual average 1.72E-04 NA 4.00E-02 0.43 Yes 1-hour average 1.25E-02 17010314 2.00E-01 6.23 Yes 24-hour average 1.51E-03 170813 8.00E-02 1.88 Yes Annual average 1.40E-04 NA 4.00E-02 0.35 Yes 1-hour average 7.21E-03 17032308 2.00E-01 3.61 Yes 24-hour average 5.19E-04 170323 8.00E-02 0.65 Yes Annual average 4.43E-05 NA 4.00E-02 0.11 Yes 1-hour average 8.87E-03 17120613 2.00E-01 4.43 Yes 24-hour average 7.42E-04 170801 8.00E-02 0.93 Yes Annual average 9.94E-05 NA 4.00E-02 0.25 Yes 1-hour average 4.30E-03 17122215 1.00E+01 0.04 Yes 24-hour average 4.91E-04 170617 4.00E+00 0.01 Yes 1-hour average 2.35E-03 17032111 1.00E+01 0.02 Yes 99 Gaoquan Village Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village Chaoyang Village Niushanghou Village Gaoquan Village PM10 Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village 24-hour average 5.83E-04 170710 4.00E+00 0.01 Yes 1-hour average 2.71E-03 17101608 1.00E+01 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 3.92E-04 170606 4.00E+00 0.01 Yes 1-hour average 2.44E-03 17101608 1.00E+01 0.02 Yes 24-hour average 4.69E-04 170814 4.00E+00 0.01 Yes 1-hour average 3.85E-03 17010314 1.00E+01 0.04 Yes 24-hour average 4.65E-04 170813 4.00E+00 0.01 Yes 1-hour average 2.23E-03 17032308 1.00E+01 0.02 Yes 24-hour average 1.60E-04 170323 4.00E+00 0 Yes 1-hour average 2.74E-03 17120613 1.00E+01 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 2.29E-04 170801 4.00E+00 0.01 Yes 24-hour average 2.09E-04 170617 1.50E-01 0.14 Yes Annual average 2.66E-05 NA 7.00E-02 0.04 Yes 24-hour average 2.32E-04 170710 1.50E-01 0.15 Yes Annual average 2.36E-05 NA 7.00E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 1.67E-04 170606 1.50E-01 0.11 Yes Annual average 2.24E-05 NA 7.00E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 1.98E-04 170814 1.50E-01 0.13 Yes Annual average 2.28E-05 NA 7.00E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 2.39E-04 170813 1.50E-01 0.16 Yes Annual average 1.91E-05 NA 7.00E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 6.61E-05 170323 1.50E-01 0.04 Yes Annual average 6.06E-06 NA 7.00E-02 0.01 Yes 24-hour average 1.28E-04 170801 1.50E-01 0.09 Yes 100 Annual average 1.37E-05 NA 7.00E-02 0.02 Yes 24-hour average 1.04E-04 170617 7.50E-02 0.14 Yes Annual average 1.33E-05 NA 3.50E-02 0.04 Yes 24-hour average 1.16E-04 170710 7.50E-02 0.15 Yes Annual average 1.18E-05 NA 3.50E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 8.36E-05 170606 7.50E-02 0.11 Yes Annual average 1.12E-05 NA 3.50E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 9.89E-05 170814 7.50E-02 0.13 Yes Annual average 1.14E-05 NA 3.50E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 1.20E-04 170813 7.50E-02 0.16 Yes Annual average 9.55E-06 NA 3.50E-02 0.03 Yes 24-hour average 3.30E-05 170323 7.50E-02 0.04 Yes Annual average 3.03E-06 NA 3.50E-02 0.01 Yes 24-hour average 6.39E-05 170801 7.50E-02 0.09 Yes Annual average 6.87E-06 NA 3.50E-02 0.02 Yes Chaoyang Village 1-hour average 3.16E-02 17091003 2.00E-01 15.8 Yes Niushanghou Village 1-hour average 2.78E-02 17101423 2.00E-01 13.9 Yes Gaoquan Village 1-hour average 2.73E-02 17103021 2.00E-01 13.67 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 2.71E-02 17030208 2.00E-01 13.53 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 2.57E-02 17080602 2.00E-01 12.87 Yes Dongxigao Village 1-hour average 2.39E-02 17071104 2.00E-01 11.93 Yes Dongwumen Village 1-hour average 2.51E-02 17102508 2.00E-01 12.55 Yes Chaoyang Village 1-hour average 1.79E-03 17091003 1.00E-02 17.9 Yes Niushanghou Village 1-hour average 1.60E-03 17101423 1.00E-02 16.02 Yes Chaoyang Village Niushanghou Village Gaoquan Village PM2.5 Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village NH3 H 2S 101 Gaoquan Village 1-hour average 1.60E-03 17103021 1.00E-02 15.97 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 1.65E-03 17030208 1.00E-02 16.45 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 1.53E-03 17080602 1.00E-02 15.35 Yes Dongxigao Village 1-hour average 1.42E-03 17071104 1.00E-02 14.19 Yes Dongwumen Village 1-hour average 1.56E-03 17102508 1.00E-02 15.63 Yes 1-hour average 3.44E-03 17122215 5.00E-02 6.87 Yes 24-hour average 3.92E-04 170617 1.50E-02 2.62 Yes 1-hour average 1.88E-03 17032111 5.00E-02 3.75 Yes 24-hour average 4.66E-04 170710 1.50E-02 3.11 Yes 1-hour average 2.17E-03 17101608 5.00E-02 4.34 Yes 24-hour average 3.14E-04 170606 1.50E-02 2.09 Yes 1-hour average 1.95E-03 17101608 5.00E-02 3.9 Yes 24-hour average 3.75E-04 170814 1.50E-02 2.5 Yes 1-hour average 3.08E-03 17010314 5.00E-02 6.15 Yes 24-hour average 3.72E-04 170813 1.50E-02 2.48 Yes 1-hour average 1.78E-03 17032308 5.00E-02 3.56 Yes 24-hour average 1.28E-04 170323 1.50E-02 0.85 Yes 1-hour average 2.19E-03 17120613 5.00E-02 4.38 Yes 24-hour average 1.83E-04 170801 1.50E-02 1.22 Yes 1-hour average 1.74E-04 17122215 2.00E-02 0.87 Yes 24-hour average 1.98E-05 170617 7.00E-03 0.28 Yes 1-hour average 9.48E-05 17032111 2.00E-02 0.47 Yes 24-hour average 2.35E-05 170710 7.00E-03 0.34 Yes 1-hour average 1.10E-04 17101608 2.00E-02 0.55 Yes Chaoyang Village Niushanghou Village Gaoquan Village HCl Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village Chaoyang Village Fluoride Niushanghou Village Gaoquan Village 102 24-hour average 1.58E-05 170606 7.00E-03 0.23 Yes 1-hour average 9.86E-05 17101608 2.00E-02 0.49 Yes 24-hour average 1.90E-05 170814 7.00E-03 0.27 Yes 1-hour average 1.55E-04 17010314 2.00E-02 0.78 Yes 24-hour average 1.88E-05 170813 7.00E-03 0.27 Yes 1-hour average 8.99E-05 17032308 2.00E-02 0.45 Yes 24-hour average 6.48E-06 170323 7.00E-03 0.09 Yes 1-hour average 1.11E-04 17120613 2.00E-02 0.55 Yes 24-hour average 9.25E-06 170801 7.00E-03 0.13 Yes Chaoyang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Niushanghou Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Gaoquan Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Dongxigao Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Dongwumen Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-04 0 Yes Chaoyang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Niushanghou Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Gaoquan Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Dongxigao Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Dongwumen Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-05 0 Yes Chaoyang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village Lead Mercury Cadmium 103 Arsenic Manganese Niushanghou Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Gaoquan Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Dongxigao Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Dongwumen Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 5.00E-06 0 Yes Chaoyang Village Annual average 2.00E-08 NA 6.00E-06 0.33 Yes Niushanghou Village Annual average 2.00E-08 NA 6.00E-06 0.33 Yes Gaoquan Village Annual average 2.00E-08 NA 6.00E-06 0.33 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village Annual average 2.00E-08 NA 6.00E-06 0.33 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village Annual average 1.00E-08 NA 6.00E-06 0.17 Yes Dongxigao Village Annual average 0.00E+00 NA 6.00E-06 0 Yes Dongwumen Village Annual average 1.00E-08 NA 6.00E-06 0.17 Yes Chaoyang Village 24-hour average 7.00E-08 170617 1.00E-02 0 Yes Niushanghou Village 24-hour average 8.00E-08 170710 1.00E-02 0 Yes Gaoquan Village 24-hour average 5.00E-08 170606 1.00E-02 0 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 24-hour average 6.00E-08 170814 1.00E-02 0 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 24-hour average 6.00E-08 170813 1.00E-02 0 Yes Dongxigao Village 24-hour average 2.00E-08 170323 1.00E-02 0 Yes Dongwumen Village 24-hour average 3.00E-08 170801 1.00E-02 0 Yes Source: Domestic EIA (2019). 104 Figure V-2: SO2 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration Figure V-3: SO2 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration 105 Figure V-4: SO2 contour map of worst case annual average concentration Figure V-5: NO2 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration 106 Figure V-6: NO2 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration Figure V-7: NO2 contour map of worst case annual average concentration 107 Figure V-8: CO contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration Figure V-9: CO contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration 108 Figure V-10: PM10 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration Figure V-11: PM10 contour map of worst case annual average concentration 109 Figure V-12: PM2.5 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration Figure V-13: PM2.5 contour map of worst case annual average concentration 110 Figure V-14: NH3 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration Figure V-15: H2S contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration 111 Figure V-16: HCl contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration Figure V-17: HCl contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration 112 Figure V-18: Fluoride contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration Figure V-19: Fluoride contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration f. Scenario 2 Results 232. Scenario 2 modelling results (e.g. worst background concentration value from monitoring in section D of chapter V worst case concentration predicted GLCs from the subproject) are presented in Table V-6, Figure V-20 to Figure V-26 233. The modelling shows that, under the meteorological conditions of 2017, the worst case cumulative GLCs at the sensitive receptors and grid can meet the limits. It can be seen from the modeling results that the subproject will have negligible impact on air quality. Once the subproject is in operation, the loan implementation environment consultant will support the IA in monitoring and include the information in the environmental monitoring reports submitted to ADB. 234. Nonetheless, during the operation phase gas emissions will be sampled on a regular 113 basis and also be monitored by CEMS system installed at the stack to confirm compliance with relevant PRC emission standards, and ambient monitoring will be undertaken through the Linyi EEB Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations and 3rd party environmental monitoring companies. Calibration of the CEMS system will be quarterly implemented by Linyi EEB. 114 Table V-6: Scenario 2 Cumulative worst case GLCs. Unit: mg/m3 Pollutants Location Unit GLC Date Background Cumulative GLC Limit Ratio to limit Compliance 24-hour average 2.80E-04 171222 4.50E-02 4.53E-02 1.25 36.2 Yes Annual average 8.71E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.25E-02 6.00E-02 37.51 Yes 24-hour average 1.16E-06 170314 4.50E-02 4.50E-02 1.25 36 Yes Annual average 8.19E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.25E-02 6.00E-02 37.51 Yes 24-hour average 2.29E-04 170314 4.50E-02 4.52E-02 1.25 36.18 Yes Annual average 7.63E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.25E-02 6.00E-02 37.50 Yes 24-hour average 3.06E-04 170314 4.50E-02 4.53E-02 1.25 36.24 Yes Annual average 7.94E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.25E-02 6.00E-02 37.50 Yes 24-hour average 9.01E-05 170314 4.50E-02 4.51E-02 1.25 36.07 Yes Annual average 6.48E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.25E-02 6.00E-02 37.48 Yes 24-hour average 2.98E-05 171222 4.50E-02 4.50E-02 1.25 36.02 Yes Annual average 2.05E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.24E-02 6.00E-02 37.40 Yes 24-hour average 2.28E-04 171222 4.50E-02 4.52E-02 1.25 36.18 Yes Annual average 4.60E-05 NA 2.24E-02 2.25E-02 6.00E-02 37.45 Yes 24-hour average 3.68E-03 170311 4.40E-02 4.77E-02 1.25 38.15 Yes Annual average 1.78E-03 NA 2.24E-02 2.42E-02 6.00E-02 40.34 Yes Chaoyang Village 24-hour average 2.55E-04 170321 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50.01 Yes Niushanhou Village 24-hour average 1.50E-04 170212 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50 Yes Gaoquan Village 24-hour average 3.25E-04 170222 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50.01 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 24-hour average 2.69E-04 170205 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50.01 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 24-hour average 1.83E-04 170213 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50 Yes Dongxigao Village 24-hour average 1.02E-04 170213 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50 Yes Chaoyang Village Niushanhou Village Gaoquan Village Dong’ezhuang Village SO2 Xi’ezhuang Village Dongxigao Village Dongwumen Village Receptor grid CO NH3 H 2S HCl Dongwumen Village 24-hour average 8.76E-05 170310 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50 Yes Receptor grid 24-hour average 4.00E-03 170310 2.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 50.1 Yes Chaoyang Village 1-hour average 3.16E-02 17091003 7.67E-02 1.08E-01 2.00E-01 54.15 Yes Niushanhou Village 1-hour average 2.78E-02 17101423 7.67E-02 1.05E-01 2.00E-01 52.25 Yes Gaoquan Village 1-hour average 2.73E-02 17103021 7.67E-02 1.04E-01 2.00E-01 52.02 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 2.71E-02 17030208 7.67E-02 1.04E-01 2.00E-01 51.88 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 2.57E-02 17080602 7.67E-02 1.02E-01 2.00E-01 51.22 Yes Dongxigao Village 1-hour average 2.39E-02 17071104 7.67E-02 1.01E-01 2.00E-01 50.28 Yes Dongwumen Village 1-hour average 2.51E-02 17102508 7.67E-02 1.02E-01 2.00E-01 50.9 Yes Receptor grid 1-hour average 1.26E-02 17022823 7.67E-02 8.93E-02 2.00E-01 49.65 No Chaoyang Village 1-hour average 1.79E-03 17091003 2.33E-03 4.12E-03 1.00E-02 41.2 Yes Niushanhou Village 1-hour average 1.60E-03 17101423 2.33E-03 3.93E-03 1.00E-02 39.32 Yes Gaoquan Village 1-hour average 1.60E-03 17103021 2.33E-03 3.93E-03 1.00E-02 39.27 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 1.65E-03 17030208 2.33E-03 3.98E-03 1.00E-02 39.75 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 1.53E-03 17080602 2.33E-03 3.86E-03 1.00E-02 38.65 Yes Dongxigao Village 1-hour average 1.42E-03 17071104 2.33E-03 3.75E-03 1.00E-02 37.49 Yes Dongwumen Village 1-hour average 1.56E-03 17102508 2.33E-03 3.89E-03 1.00E-02 38.93 Yes Receptor grid 1-hour average 5.79E-03 17022823 2.33E-03 8.12E-03 1.00E-02 81.16 Yes Chaoyang Village 1-hour average 3.44E-03 17122215 1.67E-02 2.01E-02 5.00E-02 40.27 Yes Niushanhou Village 1-hour average 1.88E-03 17032111 1.67E-02 1.86E-02 5.00E-02 37.15 Yes Gaoquan Village 1-hour average 2.17E-03 17101608 1.67E-02 1.89E-02 5.00E-02 37.74 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 1.95E-03 17101608 1.67E-02 1.87E-02 5.00E-02 37.3 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 3.08E-03 17010314 1.67E-02 1.98E-02 5.00E-02 39.55 Yes Dongxigao Village 1-hour average 1.78E-03 17032308 1.67E-02 1.85E-02 5.00E-02 36.96 Yes 115 116 Fluoride Dongwumen Village 1-hour average 2.19E-03 17120613 1.67E-02 1.89E-02 5.00E-02 37.78 Yes Receptor grid 1-hour average 1.36E-02 17020104 1.67E-02 3.03E-02 5.00E-02 60.61 Yes Chaoyang Village 1-hour average 1.74E-04 17122215 2.00E-03 2.17E-03 2.00E-02 10.87 Yes Niushanhou Village 1-hour average 9.48E-05 17032111 2.00E-03 2.09E-03 2.00E-02 10.47 Yes Gaoquan Village 1-hour average 1.10E-04 17101608 2.00E-03 2.11E-03 2.00E-02 10.55 Yes Dong’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 9.86E-05 17101608 2.00E-03 2.10E-03 2.00E-02 10.49 Yes Xi’ezhuang Village 1-hour average 1.55E-04 17010314 2.00E-03 2.16E-03 2.00E-02 10.78 Yes Dongxigao Village 1-hour average 8.99E-05 17032308 2.00E-03 2.09E-03 2.00E-02 10.45 Yes Dongwumen Village 1-hour average 1.11E-04 17120613 2.00E-03 2.11E-03 2.00E-02 10.55 Yes Receptor grid 1-hour average 4.34E-03 17020104 2.00E-03 6.34E-03 2.00E-02 31.72 Yes 157 Figure V-20:SO2 contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration Figure V-21:SO2 contour map of worst case annual average concentration 158 Figure V-22:CO contour map of worst case 24-hour average concentration Figure V-23:NH3 contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration 157 Figure V-24:H2S contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration Figure V-25: HCl contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration 158 Figure V-26: Fluoride contour map of worst case 1-hour average concentration 2. Stack height 235. Based on United States 40 CFR, part 51.100 (ii), Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) stack height should follow the formula HG = H + 1.5L; where HG = Stack height measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, H = Height of nearby structure(s) above the base of the stack. L = Lesser dimension, height (h) or width (w), of nearby structures. “Nearby structures” = Structures within/touching a radius of 5L but less than 800 m. 236. Based on site visit, the nearby structures are the cooling tower and office buildings of the subproject (Figure III-4). H is 45m (cooling tower) and L is 20m. Therefore, for this subproject, HG = 45+1.5*20=75m. The designed stack height of this subproject is 80m, which means stack height meets GIIP. 157 237. To address air pollution issues, good practice air pollution management measures per the thermal power EHS Guidelines and the following measures will be implemented: (i) SNCR denitration system and dust removal system will be installed to treat the exhaust gas before final emission. (ii) CEMS system will be installed at the stack to monitor the exhaust gas and the emission data will be disclosed to the public. (iii) Use full enclosure during transportation of waste and covering stockpiles where necessary. (iv) If the pollution control measures break down, the IA will take emergency response measures including temporary shutting down the operation. 3. Water supply and wastewater pollution 238. The subproject will have 80 staff and daily domestic water consumption is 8 tons and annual is 2400 tons (300 working days). There is one water supply plant in Pingyi County with a capacity of 68,000 tons per day. The total municipal water consumption is very limited compared to Pingyi’s water supply capacity. This is not expected to result in any significant negative impact on Pingyi’s water supply. Water supply agreement will be signed before the operation of the subproject. 239. Based on 158 240. Item PM Acid gas Table III-6: Generated air pollutants of the subproject Mitigation measures metal Emission Pollutantsconcentrationefficiency concentration (mg/Nm3) (%) (mg/Nm3) Annual Limit Emission emission (mg/Nm3) rate (kg/h) quantity (t/a) Bag filter PM 7800 99.9 8 10 0.99 7.92 SNCR+ HCl 100 96 4 10 0.495 3.96 semi dry SO2 170 85 25 50 3.09 24.75 method + NOx 360 50 180 200 22.28 178.21 dry CO 50 0 50 50 6.19 49.50 method HF 10 95 0.5 1 0.25 1.98 Hg 0.029 ≥90 0.0029 0.000359 0.002871 Cd 0.0084 ≥90 0.00084 0.000104 0.000832 Tl 0.000862 ≥90 0.0000862 0.000011 0.000085 Pb 0.0143 ≥90 0.00143 0.000177 0.001416 Cu 0.0169 ≥90 0.00169 0.000209 0.001673 Co 0.0067 ≥90 0.00067 0.000083 0.000663 Ni 0.011 ≥90 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 As 0.167 ≥90 0.0167 0.002067 0.016534 Mn 0.0665 ≥90 0.00665 0.000823 0.006584 Sb 0.011 ≥90 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 Cr 0.0913 ≥90 0.00913 0.001130 0.009039 Activated Heavy Generation Removal carbon adsorption + bag filter 0.000926 0.03847 0.05 0.1 1.0 Process control + Organic matter activated carbon adsorption Dioxin 4 (TEQ ng/m3) 97.5 0.1 (TEQ ng/m3) 0.1 (TEQ ng/m3) 0.0124 (TEQ mg/h) 0.099 (TEQ g/a) + bag Note: filter a. The exhaust gas flow is 2×61880 m3/h b. The limit is from Table II-6. 241. Table III-7III-7, once operational, annual wastewater discharged by the subproject will be 186,310 m3 and pollutants concentration in the wastewater is also presented in 123 242. Item PM Acid gas Table III-6: Generated air pollutants of the subproject Mitigation measures metal Emission Pollutantsconcentrationefficiency concentration (mg/Nm3) (%) (mg/Nm3) Annual Limit Emission emission (mg/Nm3) rate (kg/h) quantity (t/a) Bag filter PM 7800 99.9 8 10 0.99 7.92 SNCR+ HCl 100 96 4 10 0.495 3.96 semi dry SO2 170 85 25 50 3.09 24.75 method + NOx 360 50 180 200 22.28 178.21 dry CO 50 0 50 50 6.19 49.50 method HF 10 95 0.5 1 0.25 1.98 Hg 0.029 ≥90 0.0029 0.000359 0.002871 Cd 0.0084 ≥90 0.00084 0.000104 0.000832 Tl 0.000862 ≥90 0.0000862 0.000011 0.000085 Pb 0.0143 ≥90 0.00143 0.000177 0.001416 Cu 0.0169 ≥90 0.00169 0.000209 0.001673 Co 0.0067 ≥90 0.00067 0.000083 0.000663 Ni 0.011 ≥90 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 As 0.167 ≥90 0.0167 0.002067 0.016534 Mn 0.0665 ≥90 0.00665 0.000823 0.006584 Sb 0.011 ≥90 0.0011 0.000136 0.001089 Cr 0.0913 ≥90 0.00913 0.001130 0.009039 Activated Heavy Generation Removal carbon adsorption + bag filter 0.000926 0.03847 0.05 0.1 1.0 Process control + Organic matter activated carbon adsorption Dioxin 4 (TEQ ng/m3) 97.5 + bag Note: filter a. The exhaust gas flow is 2×61880 m3/h b. The limit is from Table II-6. 0.1 (TEQ ng/m3) 0.1 (TEQ ng/m3) 0.0124 (TEQ mg/h) 0.099 (TEQ g/a) 124 243. Table III-7III-7 which can meet Class B maximum acceptable concentrations (MACs) in Wastewater Quality Standards for Discharge to Municipal Sewers (GB/T 31962-2015). The wastewater will be treated in Pingyi Dongcheng WWTP. Estimated COD and ammonia nitrogen discharged by the subproject are 11.74 and 2.04 tons respectively. 244. To address production and domestic wastewater, good practice water management measures per the general EHS Guidelines and the following measures will be implemented: (i) Concentrated water from chemical water treatment workshop will be recycled in slag removal system. (ii) No metal (chromium or zinc) permitted to use as scaling and corrosion additive. (iii) Domestic wastewater will be produced from worker sanitation facilities. Domestic wastewater will be discharged to the municipal sewerage system. (iv) Leachate will be treated in leachate treatment workshop and discharged to the municipal sewerage system combined with other production wastewater. 4. Solid Waste 245. The subproject will generate domestic waste and production waste. Production waste will be generated from boilers, desulfurization system, loading and unloading sites. Production waste will include ash, slag, byproduct from desulfurization system, sludge from reclaimed water pre-treatment workshop and oily waste from equipment maintenance. If not properly managed this waste can cause visual and environmental impacts. To mitigate this risk, the following measures and good practice waste management measures per the EHS General Guidelines, EHS Guidelines for Geothermal Power Generation, and EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants will be implemented: (i) Domestic waste bins will be provided and domestic waste will be routinely collected by the local sanitation department for recycling, if possible, or final disposal at an approved waste disposal site. (ii) No permanent on-site solid waste disposal will be permitted at the subproject site. (iii) No burning of wastes will be permitted at the subproject site. (iv) Ash and slag will be sold to be recycled. (v) Ash and slag will be transferred in closed tank truck. (vi) Sludge will be treated by filter press, and then sold to be recycled as construction materials. (vii) Oily waste from equipment maintenance will be collected, transported and treated by a certified 3rd party hazardous waste treatment company. 5. Chemicals and Hazardous Materials 246. Toxic, hazardous, and harmful materials present in the operation of the subproject include petroleum products, solvents, scale and corrosion inhibitors and chemicals used for water analysis and purification (which are which are Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid, Silver nitrate standard solution, Dilute sulphuric acid standard solution, Potassium chromate indicator, Erio-chrome black T indicator, Methyl orange indicator, Ammonia - ammonium chloride buffer solution, Sodium hydroxide solution and Phenolphthalein indicator), waste lubrication oil and 125 waste oil-contained fabric, and waste ion exchange resin Toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes can have negative impacts on human health and the environment if not appropriately managed. Special care and good practice hazardous materials measures per the EHS General Guidelines and will be taken to mitigate these risks, including: (i) A registry of all activities that involve the handling of potentially hazardous substances will be developed, including protocols for the storage, handling and spill response. This will include all fuels, oils, grease, lubricants, and other chemicals. (ii) All chemicals, toxic, hazardous, and harmful materials will be transported in spill proof tanks with filling hoses and nozzles in working order, (iii) All chemicals, toxic, hazardous, and harmful materials will be stored in secure areas with impermeable surfaces and protective dikes such that spillage or leakage will be contained from affecting soil, surface water or groundwater systems. The area should be 110% volume of storage capacity. Their usage will be strictly monitored and recorded. (iv) Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) will be posted for all hazardous materials. (v) Oil absorbents will be readily accessible in marked containers. (vi) Good housekeeping procedures will be established to avoid the risk of spills. (vii) Spills will be dealt with immediately, and personnel will be trained and tasked with this responsibility. (viii) Workers will be properly trained before handling hazardous wastes and have the requisite PPE. (ix) Hazardous waste will be temporarily stored in closed containers away from direct sunlight, wind, water and rain in secure designated areas with impermeable surfaces and protective dikes such that spillage or leakage will be contained. (x) Hazardous wastes including waste urea, oily waste, waste chemicals and waste ion exchange resin stored in temporary closed containers with warning signs and collected and disposed by licensed contractors on an as needed basis. Urea will be stored in a 30 m3 warehouse with leak detector and warning signs. (xi) Engineering and administrative control measures will be implemented to avoid or minimize the release of hazardous substances into the work environment keeping the level of exposure below internationally established or recognized limits. (xii) Keep the number of employees exposed, or likely to become exposed, to a minimum to hazardous substances. (xiii) Communicating chemical hazards to workers through labeling and marking according to national and internationally recognized requirements and standards, including the International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), or equivalent. Any means of written communication should be in an easily understood language and be readily available to exposed workers and first-aid personnel. (xiv) Training workers in the use of the available information (such as MSDSs), safe work practices, and appropriate use of PPE. 126 6. Noise 247. Noise sources during operation will mainly be from noise from pumps, boiler, power generator, transformer etc. To mitigate noise impacts the subproject will: (i) Low-noise equipment will be used as far as possible, and noise reduction measures such as noise elimination, shock absorption, insulated enclosures and sound dampening materials on exterior walls will be implemented. (ii) All equipment will be properly maintained in order to minimize noise. (iii) Appropriate noise PPE will be provided to the workers who are likely to be exposed to high noise level environments to meet the requirements in occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in work place Part 2: physical agents (GBZ 2.2-2007) and EHG Guidelines on Occupational H&S. (iv) Layout for subproject site will be reasonable planned to reduce noise. 248. Based on operation data of similar waste incineration plant with low-noise equipment, noise reduction measures such as noise elimination, shock absorption, insulated enclosures and sound dampening materials on exterior walls, noise emission by the subproject is presented in Table V-7. Table V-7: Main noise sources and mitigation measures Noise Source Estimated Noise Emission dB(A) Mitigation Measures Estimated Noise Emission after mitigation dB(A) Turbine 85-90 Sound absorber, vibration attenuation, acoustic shield, exhaust-gas muffler Boilers 80-85 Sound absorber, vibration attenuation, acoustic shield, exhaust-gas muffler 65-70 Generator 80-85 Sound absorber, vibration attenuation, acoustic shield, exhaust-gas muffler 65-70 Circulating water pump 70-75 Vibration attenuation, sound insulation 60-65 Make-up pump 65-70 Vibration attenuation, sound insulation 55-60 Air compressor 80-85 Vibration attenuation, sound insulation 70-75 Transformer 70-75 Vibration attenuation, sound insulation and reasonable layout 60-65 Cooling tower 70-75 Vibration attenuation, exhaust air muffler 60-65 70-75 Source: Domestic EIA, 2019. 249. Noise modeling is implemented in domestic EIA based on Technical Guidelines for EIA – Acoustic Environment (HJ 2.4-2009) There are three prediction modes in this guideline for 127 predicting point noise sources at outdoor, for indoor noise sources and cumulative results for different noise sources. The estimated noise levels at the site boundaries are presented in Table V-8. 250. Table V-8 indicates that noise levels during operation can comply with relevant standards. Table V-8: Estimated noise level at the site boundaries during operation Location West boundary Daytime (dB(A)) Estimated noise Limit level 44.6 65 Compliance status Yes Nighttime (dB(A)) Estimated Limit noise level 44.6 55 Compliance status Yes South boundary 41.8 65 Yes 41.8 55 Yes East boundary 38.8 65 Yes 38.8 55 Yes North boundary 36.0 65 Yes 36.0 55 Yes Source: Domestic EIA, 2019. 251. Estimated cumulative noise levels at site boundaries during operation are shown in Table V-9, which can comply with the most stringent standards. The noise levels at the site boundary already meet the World Bank standard of 45 d(B)A for sensitive receptors at nighttime and the noise levels at the South and East boundaries are just slightly higher (1.5 d(B)A and 0.6 d(B)A higher) than the World Bank standards of 55 d(B)A at daytime. Considering the nearest village is 619 m from the subproject, the noise levels will meet the standards at sensitive receptors during operation. Noise monitoring at the sensitive receptors will be conducted during operation. If non-compliance occurs, corrective actions will be taken. Table V-9: Estimated cumulative noise level at the site boundaries during operation Unit: dB(A) West boundary Estimated noise level 42.3 South boundary Location Daytime Background Cumulative noise Limit Compliance status 53.1 53.4 65 Yes 38.8 56.5 56.6 65 Yes East boundary 42.6 55.4 55.6 65 Yes North boundary 36.6 54.2 54.3 65 Yes Location West boundary Estimated noise level 42.3 South boundary Nighttime Background Cumulative noise Limit Compliance status 34.3 42.9 55 Yes 38.8 39.3 42.1 55 Yes East boundary 42.6 38.5 44.0 55 Yes North boundary 36.6 38.5 40.7 55 Yes 128 7. Community and Occupational Health and Safety 252. Plant operation poses potential risks to workers and community. To mitigate potential health and safety risks to workers, the following measures and good practice measures per the EHS Guidelines on occupational H&S, EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants and EHS Guidelines for Geothermal Power Generation will be taken: (i) Operation phase EHS plan and traffic management plan will be developed and implemented and workers will be trained regularly on their implementation. (ii) The nearby communities will be informed of the potential risks and the emergency response plan. (iii) PPE including goggles, gloves, safety shoes will be provided to workers. Correct standard dust masks will be provided to workers working with waste. Noise protection equipment will be provided to workers in high-noise area. Noise areas with more than 85 dBA shall be marked and hearing protections shall be provided to workers. Appropriate masks will be provided to workers in urea area following the PRC standards. (iv) Noise level inside control room should be no more than 60 dBA. (v) Provide training to workers on occupational health and safety, and emergency response. (vi) Daily average numbers for vehicles transporting waste are 30 times (load of one vehicle is 20 tons and working days are 300 days), which has a limited impact to traffic flow. Transportation route of the vehicles will use the existing expressway and urban roads except exit and entrance. Vehicles transporting materials or wastes will slow down to 30 km/h and not use their horn when passing through or nearby sensitive locations, such as residential communities, schools and hospitals. (vii) Safe traffic control measures, including road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions will be taken as needed. Regular maintenance of vehicles to minimize potential accidents caused by equipment malfunction. (viii) Subproject site will be fence with restricted public access. (ix) Potential occupational electric and magnetic fields (EMF) exposure should be prevented/minimized through identifying potential exposure levels in the workplace, training of workers in the dentification of occupational EMF levels and hazards, implementing action plans to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations. Personal exposure monitoring equipment should be set to warn of exposure levels that are below occupational exposure reference levels (e.g., 50 percent). 8. Emergency Response Plan 253. An emergency risk and response plan will be established in accordance with the “National Environmental Emergency Plan” (24 January 2006) and other relevant PRC laws, regulations and standards and will include measures in the World Bank EHS guidelines with respect to occupational and community health and safety. The nearby communities will be informed of the potential risks and the emergency response plan. Major elements of the 129 emergency response plan are presented in Table 2 of Appendix I. 9. Residual Environmental Impacts 254. Residual environmental impacts may occur during subproject operation. The IA has operated several MSW incineration plants with similar capacity in Binzhou City and Hai’an City. The plants are being operated very well and the pollutants concentrations from these existing plants with the same capacity and pollutants treatment methods are added in section F of chapter III which indicate that the plant can meet the EU guidelines and operated very well. 255. Besides, two CEMS systems will be installed for real time exhaust gas monitoring. Compliance environmental monitoring by 3rd party environmental monitoring station/company and Pingyi EEB will also be conducted during operation according to national requirements. The following measures will be taken during operation: D. (i) Capacity building will be provided to the staff during the operation period; (ii) EHS plan and emergency response plan will be developed; (iii) Two CEMS systems will be installed for real time exhaust gas monitoring; and (iv) Compliance environmental monitoring by 3rd party environmental monitoring station/company and Pingyi EEB will also be conducted. Anticipated Positive Operation Phase Impacts 256. The subproject will deliver significant positive social and environmental impacts to beneficiaries through annual incineration of 219,000 tons domestic waste and the delivery of 62.14 million kWh of electricity. When compared to the equivalent production of power through traditional coal-fired sources, once operational the subproject will: (i) result in annual energy savings equivalent to 19,114.26 tce14, thereby providing a global public good by avoiding the annual emission of 52,259.74 tons of CO2; (ii) improve local air quality through the estimated annual reduction of emissions of SO2 by 12.42 tons, NOx by 11.81 tons, and PM by 1.24 tons; and (iii) eliminate the negative impacts of coal transportation by truck or train. 14 Based on the China Power Sector Annual Development Report 2019 issued by CEC (China Electricity Council), the CO2, PM, SO2, and NOx emission factor of thermal power generation was 841, 0.04, 0.20, and 0.19 g/kWh respectively in 2018. 130 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 257. An analysis of subproject alternatives was undertaken during the feasibility stage to determine the most financially and technically feasible way of achieving the project objectives while minimizing environmental and social impacts. A. No Project Alternative 258. Linyi is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province. In recent years, domestic waste in Linyi has increase a lot, from in to 407.4 t/d in 2012 to 513.4 t/d in 2016. Pingyi only has one landfill which can provide service for two more years. 259. Linyi City is one of the cities with severe air pollution in the Greater BTH region. In first half year of 2019, air quality of Linyi ranks 159 in 168 cities in China. Raw coal combustion produces lots of particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Exposure to high levels of particulate matter and other air pollutants are associated with health risks such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 260. The existing Grid in China is a large-scale system mainly driven by coal-fired power plants. Coal-based power generation is the major cause of rising level of outdoor and indoor air pollution. Instead of a conventional coal-based power generation system, the subproject aims to generate power through waste heat recovery. 261. The subproject’s implementation will: (i) treat rapidly increasing domestic waste; (ii) significantly reduce coal consumption; (iii) improve air quality; and (iv) reduce GHG emissions. For these reasons the “no project” alternative is considered unacceptable. B. Alternative Sites 262. For subproject site selection, the site selection meets the Pingyi Municipal Master Plan and Land Use Plan. There are no environmental sensitive areas near the subproject site. The nearest village is more than 600m away from the site. Slag generated from the subproject will be disposed at the landfill. MSW transportation system has been well developed and no structures restrict MSW transportation vehicle weight and height. There is no other environmental constraint that might restrict the development of the subproject such as wetlands, historic sites, and access to sewers, critical habits or potential mineral developments. 263. Selecting a site for the subproject is a complicated comprehensive process, which involves national economic policies, local urban master planning, development planning, land use natures, communication and transportation, meteorological conditions, water source, water head site protection, geologic conditions, telecommunication, electricity, water supply and drainage, project waste discharge natures, environmental impacts and other political, economic and technical aspects. 264. According to the urban master plan, regional topographic and geologic data, seven candidate sites were selected for this subproject. After field reconnaissance, comparative analysis were conducted regarding topographic, terrain, water source, electricity, municipal, meteorological, communication and transportation, land use conditions, plans for neighboring areas, estimated investments for resettlement and population distribution, etc.. Four candidate 131 sites had such disadvantages as difficult land acquisition, inconformity with land use planning and long transportation distance, etc.. Therefore, three candidate sites were left as options. Comparative analysis of the three candidate sites is presented in Table VI-1. Table VI-1: Comparison and Selection of Subproject Site No. Candidate Site 1 Candidate Site 2 Candidate Site 3 The site is a stateowned vacant land and was already been approved as construction use land. The site is a stateowned vacant land and was already been approved as construction use land. The site is collectivelyowned agricultural land, which needs to be acquired. 2 Meteorological It is in the downwind conditions direction of nearby villages. It is in the downwind of the nearby villages. It is in the upwind of the nearby villages, relatively far away from the nearby villages. 3 Transportation conditions Existing roads can be used. New access need to constructed. Existing roads can be used. It is close to the municipal pipeline network. It is far from the municipal pipeline network. Water intake distance is long, with great elevation difference. It is 1.5km away from the substation. A 2km pipeline around needs to be constructed to connect to municipal sewer pipeline network. It is 12km away from the substation. A 5km pipeline around needs to be constructed to connect to municipal sewer pipeline network. It is 9km away from the substation. 1 4 5 6 7 Elevation Factor Land use conditions Water supply conditions Power supply conditions Drainage conditions Estimated costs of resettlement roads be Already connected to municipal sewer pipeline network. The land acquisition The land acquisition and The land acquisition and resettlement costs resettlement costs will be and resettlement will be low. relevantly low. costs will be high. 132 8 9 10 Domestic waste transportation conditions Seismic conditions Geological conditions The selected site is 5km away from the Pingyi urban area, which is a relatively reasonable transportation distance, and transportation costs will be relatively low. The selected site is 12km away from Pingyi urban area, which is a relatively long transportation distance, and transportation costs will be slightly high. There is no earthquake fault zone running across the region. There is no earthquake fault zone running across the region. There is no earthquake fault zone running across the region. Geologic conditions are relatively good. Geologic conditions are relatively good. Geologic conditions are relatively good. The selected site is 10 km away from the Pingyi urban area, which is a moderate transportation distance, and transportation costs will be relatively low. 265. Based on the above analysis, Site 1 was selected for the proposed subproject. C. Solid waste treatment method 266. The most common municipal waste treatment methods in PRC are landfill, incineration and compost. The comparison of the three methods are presented in Table VI-2. Table VI-2: Comparison of different common municipal waste treatment Landfill Incineration Compost Item Operation Safety Technical Reliability Floor Area Relatively good Good Good Reliable Reliable Relatively Reliable Large Small Moderate It is relatively difficult, needs to consider topographic, engineering geological and Not easy. Need to avoid hydro geologic conditions, Easy. May be constructed densely populated area and Site selection prevent pollution of surface prevent odorous impacts, close to downtown. conditions water and underground water, generally being far away from Relatively short transportation with moderate transportation distance. the downtown area, with relatively short transportation distance. Final Disposal No need for final treatment, but quantity is large. Recovery of Resources There is no successful case of separate in site, but it is potentially possible Only cinder need to be Non-compost products need landfilled for treatment, which to be landfilled for treatment, will be about 10% - 20% of which will be about 20-25% initial quantity. of initial quantity Pretreatment Process Part of raw materials may be recovered Pretreatment Process Part of raw materials may be recovered 133 Surface Water Pollution Possible However, measures can be taken to lower the possibilities While conducting cinder landfill, the possibility of its pollution to surface water is similar to that of landfill. NA Ground Water Pollution Possible, although antiseepage measure may be taken, leakage is still possible It is related to disposal means of cinder, and it may happen if it is improperly disposed It is related to disposal means of cinder, and it may happen if it is improperly disposed Atmospheric Pollution Landfill gas needs to be collected and disposed properly It can be controlled to meet the EU standard There are some odorous impacts, but can be controlled. NA Heavy metal contents in compost products need to be controlled Imported equipment: 0.5-0.6 million CNY/t; Domestic equipment: 0.20.5 CNY/t. 0.1-0.15 million CNY/t Soil Pollution Limited to landfill site Construction Investments Relatively low, but the land acquisition costs in economically developed areas are very high 267. Therefore, MSW incineration generation may duly realize environmentally friendly municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment, reducing quantity and turning it into resources. Although it will also generate wastes, such as exhaust gases, fly ash and cinder, etc., corresponding environmental measures may be adopted to minimize the negative impacts, which can save land resources, recover waste heat for power generation, which is suitable for economically developed, densely populated areas with scarce land resources. 268. Now there are several advanced treatment methods which are not widely used in PRC. The comparation of the advanced treatment methods are presented in Table VI-3. Table VI-3: Comparison of different advanced municipal waste treatment methods Item Pyrolysis Plasma (i) Energy can be recycled and (i) Low air pollutants emission; stored; Advantages (ii) Relatively low air pollutants (ii) Low slag generation; emission. (iii) Suitable for hazardous waste treatment. Sterilization (i) Low air pollutants emission; (ii) Energy recycling and fertilizer production; 134 (i) High construction and (i) Very high construction operation cost; (ii) Good waste classification is and operation cost; Disadvantages necessary; (ii) Low MSW treatment (iii) relatively low waste capacity. treatment capacity. (i) High construction and operation cost; (ii) Good waste classification is necessary; (iii) relatively low waste treatment capacity; (iv) Long waste disposal period; (v) Technology to be improved to avoid heavy metal pollution in fertilizer. 269. Overall, the subproject has selected the most appropriate MSW treatment method. D. Overall Alternative Analysis 270. Based on the analysis of alternatives, the subproject has selected the most appropriate and sustainable MSW treatment method. 135 VII. A. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION PRC and ADB Requirements for Disclosure and Public Consultation 1. PRC Requirements 271. Relevant provisions in the PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Law (revised in 2016) and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (No. 253 Order of the State Council, 1998, revised in 2017) require that an EIA study for a construction project shall solicit opinions from affected residents, as well as other organizations and concerned stakeholders. However, the requirements for public consultation are different for various sectors and projects. For an environmental Category A project, a full EIA report is required including two rounds of public consultations, while for a Category B project only a simplified tabular EIA is required without the need for public consultation. 272. The “Provisional Regulations on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment” (2006) promulgated by State Environmental Protection Administration further improved the legislation of public participation in EIA in China. It provides detailed requirements for the public participation process, including information disclosure standards, consultation methods, and public enquiry process. It is significant since it was the first document clearly regulating public participation in EIA in China. 15 17F 273. In 2014, former MEE released “Guiding Opinions on Promoting Public Participation in Environmental Protection” (2014, No. 48) which defines public participation as ‘citizens, legal persons and other organizations’ voluntary participation in environmental legislation, enforcement, judicature and law obedience, and the development, utilization, protection and transformation activities related to environment. 274. The public disclosure and consultation process undertaken during the preparation of the domestic EIA was undertaken in compliance with the relevant PRC requirements, including the “Provisional Regulations on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment” (2006) and the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting Public Participation in Environmental Protection” (2014, No. 48). 2. ADB Requirements 275. ADB’s SPS (2009) has specific requirements for information disclosure and public consultation. Information disclosure involves delivering information about a proposed project to the general public and to affected communities and other stakeholders, beginning early in the project cycle and continuing throughout the life of the project. Information disclosure is intended to facilitate constructive engagement with affected communities and stakeholders over the life of the project. 276. The SPS requires that borrowers take a proactive disclosure approach and provide relevant information from environmental assessment documentation directly to affected peoples 15 Wang Ya Nan, 2012. Public Participation in EIA, SEA and Environmental Planning in China. Environmental Impact Assessment Research Centre. 136 and stakeholders. In addition, in order to make key documents widely available to the general public, the SPS requires submission to ADB for posting on the ADB website as follows: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) a draft full EIA (including the draft EMP) at least 120 days prior to ADB Board consideration for Category A projects, and/or environmental assessment and review frameworks before project appraisal, where applicable; the final EIA/IEE; a new or updated EIA/IEE, EMP and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any; and environmental monitoring reports. 277. The SPS also requires that the borrower carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. Consultations should include presentations on environmental impacts, benefits and mitigation measures, the project GRM, and ADB's Accountability Mechanism. For category A projects, such consultations should include consultations both at an early stage of EIA field work and when the draft EIA report is available. B. Project Information Disclosure 278. EIA Institute has undertaken public consultation and information disclosure in accordance with the Guidelines on Public Consultation for EIA (2018) during EIA process. Two rounds of public consultation were conducted. 1. 279. Phase 1: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure by EIA Institute IA disclosed the information of the subproject in three steps: (i) (ii) The first public information notice was posted on the Pingyi Government’s website in July 2017, early in the EIA preparation process. The information in the first public notification (The link is http://www.pingyi.gov.cn/info/1028/42225.htm) is listed below: (a) Name and summary of the subproject. (b) Name and contact information of the construction company. (c) Name and contact information of the institute responsible for preparing the EIA of the subproject. (d) EIA procedures and content. (e) Type of EIA notification notice. (f) Request for questions, suggestions and feedback from the public. A second public information notice was also posted on the Linyi Government’s website on March 2019, prior to the submission of the draft EIA report to the Linyi EEB. The link is http://www.pingyi.gov.cn/info/1028/44845.html. The notice included Project name and information below: (a) Name and summary of the subproject. (b) Name and contact information of the institute responsible for preparing the EIA report. 137 (c) Name and contact information of the institute responsible for approval of the EIA report. (d) Name and contact information of the construction company. (e) Potential project environmental impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase and operation phase. (f) Key conclusions of the EIA report. (g) Contact information to get abridged versions of the EIA report. (iii) Second public information notice was also posted on local newspaper- South Shandong Business Newspaper from March 5 to March 8, 2019. (iv) A third public information notice was also posted on the Linyi Government’s website on July 2019, prior to the submission of the final EIA report to the Linyi EEB. The link is http://py.gov.cn/info/1172/82714.htm. The notice included the information below: (a) Name and contact information of the construction unit of the subproject. (b) A link to get full domestic EIA report (c) A link to get summary report of public consultation conducted during domestic EIA preparation; and (d) Contact information to provide public feedback. 280. During the third public information disclosure, public can also provide the feedback through the Pingyi government’s website. 281. No public feedback was received during three rounds of public information disclosure. 138 (i) First information disclosure on Pingyi Government’s website 139 (ii) Second information disclosure on Pingyi Government’s website 140 (iii) Second information disclosure on local newspaper at March 5, 2019 (iv) Second information disclosure on another newspaper at March 8, 2019 141 (v) Third information disclosure on Pingyi Government’s website Figure VII-1: Information disclosure 282. Besides, during the first and second information disclosure, the EIA Institute also conducted information disclosure in the nearby villages: Chaoyang Village, Gaoquan Village, Niushanhou Village, Dong’ezhuang Village and Xi’ezhuang Village. The disclosed information in first and second public information disclosure is the same as the Pingyi Government website. 142 (i) Chaoyang Village (iii) Niushanhou Village (ii) Gaoquan Village (iv) Xi’ezhuang Village Figure VII-2: First information disclosure at nearby villages 143 (i) Chaoyang Village (ii) Gaoquan Village (iii) Niushanhou Village (iv) Dong’ezhuang Village 144 (iv) Xi’ezhuang Village Figure VII-3: Second information disclosure at nearby villages 283. During the EIA preparation phase, questionnaires survey and public consultation meetings were also organized by the EIA institute in January 2019. Separate public meetings were held in Chaoyang Village, Gaoquan Village, Niushanhou Village, Dong’ezhuang Village and Xi’ezhuang Village. A public project information notice was posted in these villages for one week prior to the meetings. The meeting was held in the offices of these village committees and nearby villagers were invited to the meetings. During the meeting, information on the subproject was presented by the IA while information on potential environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures and benefits were presented too. 284. D the meetings, questionnaires were distributed to targeted beneficiaries and potentially affected persons by the subproject. The questionnaires included not only the 11 questions, but also project information summary, anticipated pollution control measures, environment benefits and request for questions, suggestions and feedback from the public. The survey information is presented in Table VII-1. Table VII-1: Survey information No. Name Household Participants 1 Chaoyang Village 96 30 2 Gaoquan Village 66 26 3 Niushanhou Village 102 39 4 Dong’ezhuang Village 408 101 5 Xi’ezhuang Village 450 113 1,122 309 Total 145 285. A total of 309 questionnaires were distributed and 309 were retrieved, a recovery rate of 100%. A sample questionnaire is presented in Table VII-2. 286. Information of participants is presented in Table VII-3. The survey covered a wide age range. 80.0% of respondents were male and the remainder female. 100% were Han. 10.0% of respondents had an education level of primary school, 39.8% had an education level of middle school, 42.4% had an education level of high school and 7.8% had an education level of Junior college or above. The occupations of the respondents were quite diverse, representing the opinions of a wide range of Project stakeholders. 287. Table VII-4 presents a summary of the questionnaire results. 288. Overall support for the project is very strong; 94.8% of the respondents indicated that the subproject will improve local economic development, the identified environment issues with most concern was surface water pollution (55.0%), and 96.1% of respondents indicated that they support the proposed subproject. 146 Table VII-2: Project public consultation questionnaire (2019) Name Sex Age Nationality Education level Occupation Company Title Contact number Project information (a project summary was provided here), anticipated pollution control measures and environment benefits. 1. Do you know the project before this survey? A. Yes B. No 2. Will exhaust gas discharged by the project have a negative impact to the ambient air? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 3. Will construction of the project will have a negative impact to the nearby surface water? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 4. Will construction of the project will have a negative impact to the nearby groundwater? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 5. Will noise generated by the project have a negative impact to the acoustic environment? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 6. Will construction of the project will have a negative impact to the ecology environment? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 7. With good implementation of risk control measures, do you accept the negative environmental impacts of the project? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 8. Do you think the project can improve local economy? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 9. With good implementation of mitigation measures, do you accept the negative environmental impacts of the project? A. Yes B. No C. Have no idea 10. After comprehensive analysis of project advantages and disadvantages, do you agree with the construction of this project? A. Yes B. No C. Not clear 11. What are environmental issues of highest concern of the project? A. Air pollution B. Surface water pollution C. Ground water pollution D. Noise E. Solid waste Suggestions or requirements of the project: Suggestions or requirements for environment protection of the project: Table VII-3: Questionnaire respondent information Parameter Age No % Below 18 2 0.6 18-34 90 29.1 147 Education level 35-54 168 54.4 Above 55 49 15.9 Primary school 31 10.0 Middle school 123 39.8 131 42.4 Junior college or above 24 7.8 Male 244 80.0 Female 65 20.0 Han 309 100 Other 0 0 Student 3 1.0 Farmer 210 68.0 Worker 54 17.5 Other 42 13.6 High school or technical secondary school Sex Nationality Occupation Table VII-4: Public consultation questionnaire results Question Answer No. % 1. Do you know the project before this A. Yes 304 98.4 survey B. No 5 1.6 A. Yes 22 7.1 project have a negative impact to the B. No 284 91.9 ambient air? C. Have no idea 3 1.0 A. Yes 51 16.5 negative impact to the nearby surface B. No 255 82.5 water? C. Have no idea 3 1.0 4. Will construction of the project will have a A. Yes 10 3.3 negative impact to the nearby groundwater B. No 296 95.7 2. Will exhaust gas discharged by the 3. Will construction of the project will have a 148 C. Have no idea 3 1.0 A. Yes 8 2.6 B. No 298 96.4 C. Have no idea 3 1.0 A. Yes 42 13.6 B. No 264 85.4 C. Have no idea 3 1.0 A. Yes 292 94.5 measures, do you accept the negative B. No 16 5.2 environmental impacts of the project? C. Have no idea 1 0.3 A. Yes 293 94.8 B. No 16 5.2 C. Have no idea 0 0 A. Yes 297 96.1 measures, do you accept the negative B. No 12 3.9 environmental impacts of the project C. Have no idea 0 0 A. Yes 297 96.1 advantages and disadvantages, do you B. No 12 3.9 agree with the construction of this project C. Have no idea 0 0 A. Air pollution 85 27.5 170 55.0 110 35.6 D. Noise 62 20.1 E. Solid waste 38 12.3 5. Will noise generated by the project have a negative impact to the acoustic environment? 6. Will construction of the project will have a negative impact to the ecology environment 7. With good implementation of risk control 8. Do you think the project can improve local economy? 9. With good implementation of mitigation 10. After comprehensive analysis of project B. Surface water 11. What are environmental issues of pollution highest concern of the project? C. Ground water pollution Source: Domestic EIA (2019). 149 2. Phase 2: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure by IA 289. According to ADB SPS’s requirements, the CNTY held a public survey in June 2019 with the assistance from the environment consultant. The survey was implemented in surrounding Niushanhou Village, Gaoquan Village and Chaoyang Village. 290. A total of 72 questionnaires (Table VII-5) were distributed and 72 completed questionnaires were received. Before distribution of the questionnaires, the subproject information summary, mitigation measures and environment benefits were presented by IA and the consultant. During the communication, most of the participants believed that the subproject can provide a better environment and provide more job opportunities to the nearby villages and 100% of participants supported the construction of subproject. The main contents of the questionnaire are potential impacts and mitigation measures. Some photos of the consultation survey are shown in Figure VII-3. 291. Table VII-6 presents summary data on the questionnaire respondents, while Table VII-7 presents a summary of the questionnaire results. The survey covered a wide age range. 56.9% of respondents were male and the remainder female. 100% were Han. 33.3% of respondents had an education level of primary school, 52.8% had an education level of middle school, 6.9% had an education level of high school and 6.9 % had an education level of bachelor or above. The occupations of the respondents were quite diverse, representing the opinions of a wide range of Project stakeholders. 292. 100% of the respondents work and live within a 5 km radius of the subproject; 86.1% of respondents knew about project either from other person, newspapers or information signs, and 83.3% of respondents indicated that they were clearly familiar with the subproject benefits after the introduction of the subproject. The top three environment issues respondents identified in their neighborhoods are air quality (37.5%), surface water (16.7%) and noise (15.3%). Dust (22.2%) and noise (37.5%) were identified as the top two issues during the construction phase. Air pollution (37.5%) and noise (30.6%) were identified as the top two issues during the operation phase. However, most participants also indicated that potential air, waste water, solid waste and noise impacts can be appropriately mitigated. 293. Overall support for the subproject is very strong; 94.4% of the respondents indicated that the project will improve local economic development; 100% indicated that the subproject will improve quality of life; and 91.7% of respondents indicated that they support the proposed subproject. Table VII-5: Project public consultation questionnaire (2019) Name Education level Contact information Question 1. In your opinion, what are the major environment pollution issues in your areas? Sex Occupation Age Nationality Choices Ambient air Noise Surface water Ground water Soil Solid waste Odor Yes Comments 150 2. Distance between your working place and project site 3. Distance between your house and project site 4. Do you know this project before this public consultation? 5. Do you understand the potential adverse impacts during the construction of the proposed project subprojects? 6. What would be the major impacts during project construction? 7. After learning about mitigation measures during the construction, do you accept anticipated construction phase impacts? 8. Do you understand all the anticipated environmental adverse impacts of the project during operation? 9. Do you understand all the anticipated health and safety adverse impacts of the project during operation? 10. Do you understand the proposed mitigation measures during the project operation? 11. After learning about mitigation measures during operation, do you accept anticipated operation phase impacts? 12. What are the major impacts of this project during operation period? Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals Other concern <1 km 1-3 km 3-5 km >5km<1 km 1-3 km 3-5 km > 5km Yes No Clearly understand Somewhat understand Barely understand Do not understand Noise Dust Solid waste Traffic congestion Others No major impacts Accept Barely accept Do not accept Have no idea Clearly understand Somewhat understand Barely understand Do not understand Clearly understand Somewhat understand Barely understand Do not understand Clearly understand Somewhat understand Barely understand Do not understand Accept Barely accept Do not accept Have no idea Air pollution Noise pollution Surface water pollution Ground water pollution Soil pollution Solid waste pollution Odor gas Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals Other concern 151 13. Do you think construction of this project can improve local economic development or not? 14. Do you think whether construction of this project can improve your living quality? 15. Do you support the project? Yes No I do not know Yes No I do not know Yes No I do not know Suggestions or requirements for environment protection of the project. 152 . 153 Figure VII-4: Public consultation activities held by IA Table VII-6: Summary data on questionnaire respondents Parameter Indicator Male Sex Female Below 30 31-40 Age 41-50 Above 50 Han people Nationality Other Primary School or Below Education Level Occupation Junior school High school, including technical secondary school Bachelor degree or above, including junior college Farmer No. % 41 56.9 31 43.1 5 6.9 5 6.9 24 33.3 38 52.8 72 100.0 0 0.0 24 33.3 38 52.8 5 6.9 5 6.9 62 86.1 154 Employee Civil servant Other 10 13.9 0 0 0 0 Table VII-7: Public consultation questionnaire results. No. % (shading denotes highest ranked) Ambient air 27 37.5 Noise 11 15.3 Surface water 12 16.7 Ground water 4 5.6 Soil 10 13.9 Solid waste 8 11.1 Odor 0 0 Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals 0 0 Other concern 0 0 <1 km 12 16.7 1-3 km 23 31.9 3-5 km 37 51.4 > 5km 0 0 <1 km 19 26.4 1-3 km 31 43.1 3-5 km 22 30.6 > 5km 0 0 Yes 62 86.1 No 10 13.9 Clearly understand 60 83.3 Somewhat understand 12 16.7 Question 1. In your opinion, what are the major environment pollution issues in your areas? 2. Distance between your working place and project site 3. Distance between your house and project site 4. Do you know this project before this public consultation? 5. Do you understand the potential adverse impacts during the construction of the proposed project? Item 155 6. What would be the major impacts during project construction? 7. After learning about mitigation measures during the construction, do you accept anticipated construction phase impacts? 8. Do you understand all the anticipated environmental adverse impacts of the project during operation? 9. Do you understand all the anticipated health and safety adverse impacts of the project during operation? 10. Do you understand the proposed mitigation measures during the project operation? 11. After learning about mitigation measures during operation, do you accept anticipated operation phase impacts? Barely understand 0 0 Do not understand 0 0 Noise 27 37.5 Dust 16 22.2 Solid waste 6 8.3 Traffic congestion 10 13.9 Others 0 0.0 No major impacts 13 18.1 Accept 57 79.2 Barely accept 7 9.7 Do not accept 3 4.2 Have no idea 5 6.9 Clearly understand 58 80.6 Somewhat understand 10 13.9 Barely understand 4 5.6 Do not understand 0 0 Clearly understand 54 75.0 Somewhat understand 12 16.7 Barely understand 6 8.3 Do not understand 0 0 Clearly understand 60 83.3 Somewhat understand 8 11.1 Barely understand 4 5.6 Do not understand 0 0 Accept 62 86.1 Barely accept 8 11.1 Do not accept 0 0 156 12. What are the major impacts of this project during operation period? 13. Do you think construction of this project can improve local economic development or not? 14. Do you think whether construction of this project can improve your living quality? 15. Do you support the project? C. Have no idea 2 2.8 Air pollution 27 37.5 Noise pollution 22 30.6 Surface water pollution 8 11.1 Ground water pollution 4 5.6 Soil pollution 4 5.6 Solid waste pollution 4 5.6 Odor gas 0 0.0 Risks associated with chemicals and hazardous chemicals 3 4.2 Other concern 0 0 Yes 68 94.4 No 0 0.0 I do not know 4 5.6 Yes 72 100 No 0 0 I do not know 0 0 Yes 66 91.7 No 0 0.0 I do not know 6 8.3 Future Consultation Activities 294. The draft EIA was disclosed on the ADB website. Any update in the EIA resulting from a change in project scope will be similarly disclosed. 295. The IA will continue to conduct regular community liaison activities during the construction and operations phases if needed, including the implementation of the GRM (see Chapter VIII). Ongoing consultation will ensure that public concerns are understood and dealt with in a timely manner. 157 VIII. A. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM Introduction 296. A project grievance can be defined as an actual or perceived project related problem that gives ground for complaint by an affected person (AP). As a general policy, a PMO will be established by IA and it will work proactively toward preventing grievances through the implementation of mitigation measures and community liaison activities that anticipate and address potential issues before they become grievances. In addition, as the project has strong public support and will not involve any involuntary land or property acquisition or resettlement, significant grievance is unlikely to happen. Nonetheless, during construction and operation it is possible that unanticipated impacts may occur if the mitigation measures are not properly implemented, or unforeseen issues arise. In order to address complaints if or when they arise, a subproject-level GRM has been developed in accordance with ADB requirements. A GRM is a systematic process for receiving, recording, evaluating and addressing AP’s project-related grievances transparently and in a reasonable timeframe. B. ADB’s GRM Requirements 297. The ADB’s SPS 2009 requires a project to establish a GRM to receive and facilitate resolution of AP’s concerns and complaints about the project’s environmental performance during construction as well as operation phases of the project. The GRM should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project; should address affected people’s concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process; should be readily accessible to the community at no cost and without retribution; and, should not impede access to the PRC’s judicial or administrative remedies. C. Current GRM Practices in the PRC 298. At the national level, a framework to address grievance has been established. State Council Decree No. 431 “Regulations on Letters and Visits” (January 2005) establishes a complaint mechanism at all levels of government, and safeguards the complainants from any retaliation. The former MEP Decree No. 34 “Environmental Letters and Visits System” provides specific guidelines to establish a system and address environmental complaints. When APs are affected by project activities, they may complain to the contractors and the project company by themselves or through their community organizations, or complain directly to local EPBs. If the issue is not resolved they may take legal action, though that is typically considered as a last option. D. Project Level GRM 299. The objective of the subproject GRM is to prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the sub-project level GRM has been designed to (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the subproject; (ii) demonstrate concern about community members and their environmental well-being; and (iii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by subproject implementation and operations. 158 The GRM will be accessible to all members of the community through public information disclosure at IA’s website, project site and community center, etc. 300. The overall approach of the GRM is to deal with grievances at a local level first in an efficient manner and escalate to higher level of authority if the grievance cannot be resolved. The designated person from the PMO will be responsible for implementation of the GRM. The PMO will be the key contact point for residents, businesses, government departments and other stakeholders who may require information about the subproject or who have an issue they would like to discuss. 301. The Subproject level GRM is different from the main project level GRM and will be implemented through four escalating steps which is presented in Figure VIII-1, advancing to the next level only if the grievance was unable to be redressed at the previous level 297. (i) Step 1: If a concern arises, the AP should try to resolve the issue of concern directly with the contractor or with CNTY via GRM access points (community leaders, neighborhood organizations, local EEB and national environment protection hotline 12369). Contractor/CNTY will record the grievance, assess its eligibility and report back to the AP within 5 working days. If the grievance is eligible, the implementer will try to resolve the concern, If the concern is resolved successfully, no further follow-up action is required. If no solution is found within 10 working days or if the complainant is not satisfied with the suggested solution under Step 1, proceed to Step 2. The AP may also skip step 1 and directly file the complaint with the subborrower; (ii) Step 2: CNTY will investigate the complaint, and consult with the local EEB, and other stakeholders as appropriate to identify a solution. CNTY will give a clear reply to the AP within 10 working days with the suggested solution, and CNTY will ensure that implementation of the agreed-upon redress solution begins immediately. If no solution is found or if the complainant is not satisfied with the suggested solution under Step 2, proceed to Step 3; (iii) Step 3: CNTY will inform I&G, who is the executive agency and PMO of the Loan 3504-PRC about the grievance. I&G will organize a multi-stakeholder meeting within 10 days, where all relevant stakeholders, including the complainant, I&G, CNTY and local EEB, can discuss the issue. The multi-stakeholder meeting will aim to find a solution acceptable to all, and identify responsibilities and an action plan. CNTY will ensure that the implementation of agreed-upon redress solution begin immediately. If no satisfied solution is formed by stakeholders, proceed to Step 4. (iv) Step 4: If the complainant is still not satisfied with the suggested solution under Step 3, CNTY and I&G will organize a hearing process following the PRC public hearing procedures (including the complainant, CNTY, local EEB). A solution acceptable to all shall be identified including clear steps. Based on the hearing results, an action plan shall be developed and the subborrower will ensure that the implementation of the agreed-upon redress solution begins immediately. If complaints are still not addressed, they may seek legal redress. If the complainants are not satisfied with the suggested solution under Step 4, the APs 159 can access ADB’s Office of the Special Project Facilitator (OSPF) or Compliance Review Panel (CRP), or seek local legal address. 298. I&G shall inform ADB on the complaints that have been received and the solutions, which shall be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. 160 Step 1：Resolution at local level AP assesses its eligibility within 5 days. If eligibly, AP tries to resolve issue directly with the project implementer within 10 days. Compliant is not eligible Compliant redressed Complaint Not Redressed or AP wishes to submit directly to CNTY Step 2: CNTY Complaint Resolution CNTY has 10 days to investigate and develop a solution and CNTY will initiate implementation immediately. Compliant redressed Complaint Not Redressed Step 3: Multi-Stakeholder Meeting CNTY informs I&G and ADB. CNTY and I&G organizes stakeholder meeting within 10 days. CNTY will initiate solution implementation immediately. Compliant redressed Complaint Not Redressed Step 4: Higher Authority CNTY and I&G will organize a grievance hearing process and determine a solution action plan. CNTY will initiate solution implementation immediately. Compliant redressed If Complaint Is Still Not Addressed, AP May Seek Legal Redress Through ADB’s Office of Special Facilitator, Compliance Review Panel, Local Legal System Figure VIII-1: Five Step Project GRM 161 IX. CONCLUSIONS 299. This EIA report is prepared for the proposed Pingyi County Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plant Subproject of the Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region – China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project of the PRC. The proposed project is the second in a multi-year multi-sectoral ADB support for air quality improvement in the greater BTH region. 300. This subproject will build a Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plant to treat domestic waste by incineration and generate power by waste heat recovery. The power generated will be sold to the Grid. The plant has a designed domestic waste incineration capacity of 600 tons per day. Main equipment includes two 300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators for waste incineration and one 12 MW straight condensing turbine for power generation. Annual incinerated solid waste will be 219,000 tons and annual generated power will be 62.14 million kWh. 301. The subproject scope includes: (i) 2×300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators with 1x12 MW straight condensing turbine; (ii) flue gas treatment facility; and (iii) leachate treatment workshop. Once completed, the subproject will incinerate 219,000 tons domestic waste and produce 62.14 million kWh power to the Grid annually. 302. The subproject will bring significant positive environmental benefits. It will reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants in Linyi City. When compared to the equivalent production of power through traditional coal-fired sources, once operational the subproject will: (i) result in annual energy savings equivalent to 19,114.26 tce, thereby providing a global public good by avoiding the annual emission of 52,259.74 tons of CO2; (ii) improve local air quality through the estimated annual reduction of emissions of SO2 by 12.42 tons, NOx by 11.81 tons, and PM by 1.24 tons; and (iii) eliminate the negative impacts of coal transportation by truck or train. 303. The Subproject has: (i) selected appropriate technologies to reduce the emission of pollutants; (ii) identified potential negative environment impacts and appropriately established mitigation measures; (iii) received public support from the project beneficiaries and affected people; (iv) established effective project GRM procedures; and (v) prepared a comprehensive EMP including environmental management and supervision structure, environmental mitigation and monitoring plans, and capacity building and training. 304. It is concluded that the subproject will not result in adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. Any significant adverse environmental impacts associated with the subproject will be prevented, reduced, or minimized through the implementation of the subproject EMP. . 162 Appendix I Appendices Appendix I: Environmental Management Plan Appendix I 163 APPENDIX I: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Objectives 1. This EMP report is prepared for the proposed Pingyi County Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plant Subproject of the Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region – China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project of the PRC. The proposed project is the second in a multi-year multi-sectoral ADB support for air quality improvement in the greater BTH region. 2. This subproject will build a Waste-to-Energy Power Generation Plant to treat domestic waste by incineration and generate power by waste heat recovery. The power generated will be sold to the Grid. The plant has a designed domestic waste incineration capacity of 600 tons per day. Main equipment includes two 300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators for waste incineration and one 12 MW straight condensing turbine for power generation. Annual incinerated solid waste will be 219,000 tons and annual generated power will be 62.14 million kWh. 3. The subproject scope includes: (i) 2×300 t/d mechanical grate incinerators with 1x12 MW straight condensing turbine; (ii) flue gas treatment facility; and (iii) leachate treatment workshop. Once completed, the subproject will incinerate 219,000 tons domestic waste and produce 62.14 million kWh power to the Grid annually. 4. The objectives of the EMP are to ensure (i) implementation of the identified mitigation and management measures to avoid, reduce, mitigate, and compensate for anticipated adverse environment impacts; (ii) implementation of monitoring and reporting; and (iii) the subproject compliance with the PRC’s relevant environmental laws, standards and regulations and ADB’s SPS 2009. Organizational responsibilities and budgets are clearly identified for implementation, monitoring and reporting. 5. The EMP is to be implemented in all phases of the project cycle, including design, preconstruction, construction, and operation. In the detailed design stage, the EMP will be used by the design institute for incorporating mitigation measures into the detailed designs. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detailed design, as needed. 6. The EMP will be included as a separate annex in all bidding and contract documents. The contractors will be informed of their obligations to implement the EMP, and to provide for EMP implementation costs in their bids for project works. B. Implementation Arrangements 7. I&G will be the EA and responsible for overall guidance during project preparation and implementation. CNTY will be IA and responsible for implementing project subprojects and administering and monitoring contractors and suppliers. 8. CNTY is the subborrower with one EHS department consists of one manager and two staff. The subborrower is responsible for: (i) pollutants emission monitoring; (ii) implementation of capacity building plan; (iii) implementation of environment management, environmental monitoring and mitigation measures; (iv) reporting to I&G on EMP implementation; and (v) 164 Appendix I timely and effectively responding to emergency. 9. Pingyi EEB is responsible for: (i) compliance with relevant environment regulations of the subproject; (ii) supervision of subproject pollutants emission; and (iii) GRM implementation. Pingyi EEB also participates in environment compliance monitoring of the subproject. 10. ADB will conduct regular review missions. I&G will prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports and submit them to ADB. ADB will review the reports and disclose them on ADB’s website. If the subproject is incompliance with the EMP’s requirements, appropriate corrective actions shall be taken following ADB’s requirements. 11. Roles and responsibilities for the EMP implementation are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Project implementation and management organizations Organization I&G IA EMS ADB Pingyi EEB Role and Responsibility Serves as the EA, I&G is responsible for the implementation of the subprojects, including: - Formulating subproject management and operating procedures, implementation plans, and budget; - Ensuring subproject’s compliance with loan and project agreements, and with the safeguards requirements as specified in the EIA; - Providing capacity building and training activities to the IA; - Monitoring the subproject’s physical and financial progress, and compliance with subproject’s reporting requirements, ensuring subproject progress reports are prepared and submitted on time; - Addressing complaints received from APs; - Coordinating the activities of and meeting the requirements of the ADB review missions; - Supervision the implementation of EMP and EMoP of the subproject; - Conducting regular site visits and safeguard review missions; - Submitting semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to ADB; - Requiring IA to prepare corrective action plans in the event of noncompliance with EMP or EMoP Main responsibilities include: - Contracting and administering contractors and suppliers. - Ensuring compliance with EMP, EMoP, engaging an external environmental safeguard consultant; - Preparing subproject progress reports and submit to I&G; - Operation and maintenance of the subproject; - Coordinating with I&G in developing subproject management procedures and detailed implementation plan, and monitoring achievement thereof; Preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports and submit to I&G A qualified independent environmental monitoring station will be recruited to implement the ambient monitoring portion of the EMoP. Responsible for the following: Providing the EA with guidance to ensure smooth subproject implementation and achieve the desired development impacts and their sustainability; Conducting regular review missions; Monitoring the implementation of EMP and EMoP; Monitoring status of compliance with loan and subproject covenants, including safeguards; Reviewing environmental monitoring reports and disclosing them on ADB website; Regularly updating the subproject information documents for public disclosure at ADB website, including the safeguards documents. Requiring EA to develop corrective action plan for any non-compliance issues Main responsibilities include: Appendix I and Linyi EEB 165 Environment compliance monitoring of the subproject; Inspect the subproject during construction and operation to ensure compliance; Enforce applicable PRC’s environmental laws and regulations; Conduct an environmental acceptance inspection after a three months trial operation period. ADB = Asian Development Bank, EEB=Ecology and Environment Bureau, EMP = Environmental Management Plan, O&M = operation and maintenance. C. - Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 12. The potential impacts of the project during pre-construction, construction and operation have been identified and appropriate mitigation measures developed (see Chapter V of the EIA). Potential impacts and the mitigation measures are presented in Table 2. D. Environment Monitoring Plan 13. An EMoP to monitor the environmental impacts of the project and assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures is presented in Table 3. The EMoP includes both compliance inspection and ambient air, noise, and wastewater monitoring undertaken by the 3rd party environmental monitoring entity. Ambient monitoring will be conducted in compliance with relevant PRC regulations, methods and technical specifications. 14. The data and results of environmental compliance inspection and monitoring activities will be used to assess: (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts and baseline data collected before the project implementation; (ii) performance or effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures or compliance with pertinent environmental rules and regulations; (iii) trends in impacts; (iv) overall effectiveness of EMP implementation; and (v) the need for additional mitigation measures and corrective actions if non-compliance is observed. E. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building 15. The institutional strengthening and capacity building focus on the safeguard requirements of relevant PRC laws and regulations and the ADB SPS 2009. The training will focus on the ADB SPS; PRC safeguard requirements; development and implementation of EHS plans during construction and operation; implementation of the EMP, the EMoP, and the GRM; and worker and community health and safety issues and measures (Table 4). 166 Appendix I Table 2: Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Source of Funds A. Detailed Design Phase Incorporate Mitigation Measures and Monitoring in Detailed Design and Bidding and Contracting Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) Include mitigation measures and monitoring program in detailed design IA supported by Environmental mitigation and pollution control LIEC measures identified in the EIA, the EMP and the domestic EIA will be incorporated into the detailed design. I&G Detailed Design Budget Include mitigation measures and monitoring program in bidding documents IA supported by Environmental mitigation measures identified in the LIEC EIA, EMP and the domestic EIA will be incorporated in the bidding documents for the project and will be included in contract documents for civil constructions and equipment installations. All contractors shall be required to strictly comply with the EMP. I&G Detailed Design Budget I&G Environmental monitoring incorporated into design. The environmental monitoring program will be incorporated into the design to ensure that environmental impacts are closely monitored and activities of the project construction and operating are closely supervised against the PRC environmental laws, regulations and standards, ADB SPS, and the project EMP and approved domestic EIA. Detailed Design Budget I&G, ADB PMO Operating Budget Impacts on project Affected Persons IA by LIEC IA supported by In accordance with the GRM presented in Chapter LIEC VIII, a staff member within the PMO will be assigned overall responsibility for the GRM; GRM training will be provided for PMO members and GRM access points; and the GRM access point phone numbers, Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by 167 Source of Funds fax numbers, addresses and emails will be disclosed to the public. B. Construction Phase Flora and Fauna Removal of vegetation Wastewater Surface and groundwater contamination from construction wastewater, and domestic water DI (plan IA supported design), by LIEC  Site vegetation plans will be developed using Contractors appropriate native species. (plan  Any existing vegetated areas impacted by construction implementation) activities will be restored post-construction using appropriate native species. A greening plan will be implemented: Good wastewater management practices as set out in EHS Guidelines on Construction and Decommissioning and EHS General Guidelines:  Worker camps will be installed with sufficient portable toilets (based on the staff numbers, 4 toilets are sufficient) which will be provided for the workers and will be cleaned and discharged to the municipal sewerage system on a regular basis.  Construction wastewater will be directed to temporary detention and settling ponds, and then treated water will be partly recycled for use in dust control and the rest of treated water will be discharged to the local municipal sewer system and the waste residue in the tank is cleared and transported to designated certificated and engineered landfills by the local sanitation department personnel. If needed, polyacrylamide flocculent will be used to facilitate particle settling. All discharged Contractors IA supported by LIEC and I&G Contractor construction budget Contractor construction budget 168 Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards construction wastewater will to be treated to meet the appropriate PRC standard GB/T 31962-2015 prior to discharge to Pingyi Dongcheng WWTP.  All necessary measures will be undertaken to prevent construction materials and waste from entering drains and water bodies.  Maintenance of construction equipment and vehicles will not be allowed on sites to reduce wastewater generation.  Oil traps are provided for service areas and parking areas, and oil-water separators are installed before the sedimentation tank for oil-containing wastewater;  All construction machinery is repaired and washed at special repairing shops. No on-site machine repair, maintenance and washing shall be allowed so as to reduce wastewater generation;  Storage facilities for fuels, oil, and other hazardous materials are within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, and provided with bunds with 110% of the volume of materials stored and cleanup kits;  The contractors’ fuel suppliers are properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and are in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88);  Areas where construction equipment is being washed will be equipped with water collection basins and sediment traps. After settling, supernatant will be Implemented by Supervised by Source of Funds Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Contractors IA supported by LIEC, I&G 169 Source of Funds recycled and sediment will be periodically excavated, and either reused if possible as fill, disposed at official spoil disposal sites, or disposed at official or landfills. Erosion and Spoil Soil erosion, spoil disposal Good practice construction erosion controls and site maintenance as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and EHS General Guidelines:  At construction site the potential for storm water runoff will be assessed and appropriate storm water drainage systems to minimize soil erosion will be implemented, including perimeter bunds and establishment of temporary detention and settling ponds to control topsoil runoff.  Land excavation and filling will be balanced so as minimize the requirement for fill transportation.  During earthworks, the area of soil exposed to potential erosion at any one time will be minimized through good project and construction management.  Temporary spoil storage sites or storage containers will be identified, designed, and operated to minimize impacts. Spoil sites will be restored at the conclusion of storage activities.  Spoil will be reused on-site or other project sites to the maximum extent feasible as fill. Excess spoil that cannot be used on-site will be transported to an approved spoil disposal site.  Spoil and aggregate piles will be covered with landscape material and/or regularly watered. Contractor construction budget 170 Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Contractors IA supported by LIEC, I&G Source of Funds  Waste construction material such as residual concrete, asphalt, etc., will be properly handled for reuse or disposal.  Construction and material handling activities will be limited or halted during periods of rains and high winds.  Any planned paving or vegetating of areas will be done as soon as practical after the materials are removed to protect and stabilize the soil.  Once construction is complete disturbed surfaces will be properly sloped and revegetated with native trees and grass (see greening plan).  Based on site visit, the spoil disposal site is closed to the subproject site at the north direction. Conduct project completion audit to confirm that spoil disposal site rehabilitation meets required standard, hold contractor liable in case of noncompliance. Air Pollution Dust, vehicle emissions, H2S The following air quality management measure and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and EHS General Guidelines will be implemented:  Water will be sprayed on active construction sites including where fugitive dust is being generated on a daily basis, and more frequently during windy days.  Transport vehicles will be limited to low speeds at construction sites.  Loads will be covered during truck transportation to Contractor construction budget Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards avoid spillage or fugitive dust generation. Fine materials will be transported in fully contained trucks.  Construction site roads will be well maintained and watered and swept on an as-needed basis. Construction site road entry points will be equipped with truck drive through wash ponds.  Transport routes and delivery schedules will be planned to avoid densely populated and sensitive areas, and high traffic times.  Store petroleum or other harmful materials in appropriate places and cover to minimize fugitive dust and emission.  Provide regular maintenance to vehicles in order to limit gaseous emissions (to be done off-site).  Temporary fencing will be erected around dusty activities.  Construction spoil, aggregate other construction materials will be temporary stored using containers, but they may the potential to generate dust. Thus, containers will be covered and/or watered if necessary. Powdered materials such as cement and lime will be stored in sealed bags or containers.  Muddy or dusty materials on public roads outside the exits of works areas will be cleaned immediately.  Disturbed site will be revegetated as soon as possible after the completion of works.  On-site asphalting and concrete batching are prohibited. Implemented by Supervised by 171 Source of Funds 172 Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Contractors IA supported by LIEC, I&G Source of Funds  Disturbed site will be revegetated as soon as possible after the completion of works. Noise Impacts from construction noise on sensitive resources To ensure construction activities meet PRC noise standards (Noise Standards for Construction Site Boundary, GB 12523-2011) and to protect workers, the following mitigation measures and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and EHS General Guidelines will be implemented:  Construction activities will be planned in consultation with local authorities and communities so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise and vibration are planned during periods of the day that will result in the least disturbance.  Construction activities, and particularly noisy ones, are to be limited to reasonable hours during the day and early evening. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited during the nighttime (22:00 h to 07:00 h). Exceptions will only be allowed in special cases, and only after getting approval of the surrounding residents, local EEB and other relevant departments. And nearby residents should be notified of such night time activities well in advance.  When undertaking construction planning, simultaneous high-noise activities will be avoided, and high noise activities will be scheduled during the day rather than evening hours. Similarly, construction site will be planned to avoid multiple high noise activities or equipment from operating at the same location.  Low-noise equipment will be selected as much as Contractor construction budget Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by 173 Source of Funds possible. Equipment and machinery will be equipped with mufflers and will be properly maintained to minimize noise.  Noise PPE will be provided to workers to meet the requirements in occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in work place Part 2: physical agents (GBZ 2.2-2007).  Transportation routes and delivery schedules will be planned during detailed design to avoid densely populated and sensitive areas and high traffic times.  Vehicles transporting construction materials or waste will slow down and not use their horn when passing through or nearby sensitive locations, such as residential communities, schools and hospitals.  Special attention will be paid to protect sensitive sites near the project site: high noise construction activities will be positioned as far away from sensitive sites as possible. Solid Waste Inappropriate Waste Disposal Contractors, IA supported local sanitation by LIEC, I&G departments (domestic waste), licensed  Wastes will be reused or recycled to the extent possible. waste collection companies  Littering by workers will be prohibited. (construction  Excavated soil will be backfilled onsite to the extent waste) possible. Excess spoil that cannot be used on-site will be The following solid waste management measure and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and EHS General Guidelines will be implemented: Contractor construction budget 174 Appendix I Category Responsibility Potential Impacts and Issues Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Contractors, waste management companies IA supported by LIEC, I&G Source of Funds transported to an approved spoil disposal site.  Existing domestic waste containers will be used for domestic waste collection at work sites. Domestic waste will be collected on a regular basis by the local sanitation departments and transported for recycling, reuse, or disposal at a licensed landfill, in accordance with relevant PRC regulations and requirements.  Construction waste dumpsters will be provided at all work sites. Construction waste will be collected on a regular basis by a licensed waste collection company and transported for recycling, reuse, or disposal at a licensed landfill, in accordance with relevant PRC regulations and requirements.  There should be no final waste disposal on site. Waste incineration at or near the site is strictly prohibited.  Contractors will be held responsible for proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes, and contaminated soils that remain on the site after construction.  Contractors will be held responsible for proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes, spoil and contaminated soils that remain on the site after construction. Hazardous and Polluting Materials Inappropriate transportation, storage, use and spills  The following mitigation measures and construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D and EHS General Guidelines will be implemented:  A hazardous material handling and disposal protocol that Contractor construction budget Appendix I Category Responsibility Potential Impacts and Issues Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by 175 Source of Funds includes spill emergency response will be prepared and implemented by contractors.  Storage facilities for fuels, oil, chemicals and other hazardous materials will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces provided with dikes with a 110% volume, and at least 300 m from drainage structures and important water bodies. A standalone site within the storage facility will be designated for hazardous wastes.  Signs will be placed at chemicals and hazardous materials storage sites to provide information on type and name of chemicals and hazardous materials.  Suppliers of chemicals and hazardous materials must hold proper licenses and follow all relevant protocols and PRC regulations and requirements.  A licensed company will be hired to collect, transport, and dispose of hazardous materials in accordance with relevant PRC regulations and requirements. Socioeconomic Resources Community Disturbance and Safety  Transportation routes and delivery schedules will be planned during detailed design to avoid densely populated and sensitive areas and high traffic times.  Vehicles transporting construction materials or wastes will slow down and not use their horn when passing through or nearby sensitive locations, such as residential communities, schools and hospitals.  Signs will be placed at construction sites in clear view of the public, warning people of potential dangers such as moving. All sites will be made secure, discouraging Design Institute IA supported (plan design), by LIEC, I&G Contractors (plan implementation) Contractor construction budget 176 Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Contractors IA supported by LIEC, I&G Source of Funds access by members of the public through appropriate fencing whenever appropriate.  Emergency response system and health and safety protocols will be developed by the IA before construction. Occupational Health and Safety Worker Contractors will implement adequate precautions to protect Occupational the health and safety of their workers: Health and Safety  Each contractor will undertake H&S risk assessment of construction works and implement relevant construction phase EHS plan in line with construction good practice as set out in EHS Guidelines on C&D, EHS General Guidelines and Occupational H&S guidelines.  Identify and minimize the causes of potential hazards to workers. Implement appropriate safety measures.  Provide training to workers on occupational health and safety, emergency response, especially with respect to using potentially dangerous equipment and storage, handling and disposal of hazardous waste. Induction will be conducted before construction and no worker is allowed on site without induction.  Ensure that all equipment is maintained in a safe operating condition.  Provide appropriate PPE to workers.  Provide procedures for limiting exposure to high noise or heat working environments in compliance with PRC occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in work place Part 2: physical agents (GBZ 2.2-2007). Contractor construction budget Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards 177 Source of Funds Implemented by Supervised by Contractors I&G, and local Cultural Heritage Bureau In the event that a PCR is discovered, the direct cost for compensation to contractor will be covered by a special fund to be developed for cultural relic protection. DI (plan design) I&G, EEB Design and construction budget  Ensure regular safety meetings with staff. Physical Cultural As yet unknown A construction phase chance find procedure will be Resources PCRs may be established and activated if any chance finds of PCRs are damaged if proper encountered: precautions are  construction activities will be immediately suspended if not taken. any PCRs are encountered;  destroying, damaging, defacing, or concealing PCRs will be strictly prohibited in accordance with PRC regulations;  local Cultural Heritage Bureau will be promptly informed and consulted; and,  construction activities will resume only after thorough investigation and with the permission of the local Cultural Heritage Bureau.  In case of any PCR is found, ADB SPS 2009 requirements as well as PRC laws and regulations will be followed. C. Operation Phase Air Pollution Combustion Emissions  SNCR denitration system and dust removal system will be installed to treat the exhaust gas before final emission. Contractors  CEMS system will be installed at the stack to monitor the (construction) exhaust gas and the emission data will be disclosed to 178 Appendix I Category Responsibility Potential Impacts and Issues Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards the public Implemented by Supervised by IA (operation) IA operation budget  Use full enclosure during transportation of waste and covering stockpiles where necessary.  Source of Funds If emissions monitoring indicates exceedances of relevant standards, additional denitrification and/or particulate control emissions devices will be added in consultation with Linyi EEB and ADB.  Ambient monitoring will be undertaken at nearby receptors. Wastewater Discharge of Production and Domestic Wastewater  Concentrated water from chemical water treatment workshop will be recycled in slag removal system. IA I&G, EEB IA operation budget IA, District Sanitation Departments I&G, EEB IA operation budget  No metal (chromium or zinc) permitted to use as scaling and corrosion additive.  Domestic wastewater will be produced from worker sanitation facilities. Domestic wastewater will be treated in digestion tank and will be discharged to the municipal sewerage system.  Leachate will be treated in leachate treatment workshop and discharged to the municipal sewerage system combined with other production waste water. Solid Waste Collection and Disposal  Domestic waste bins will be provided and domestic waste will be routinely collected by the local sanitation department for recycling, if possible, or final disposal at an approved waste disposal site, which will meet national and IFC/EBRD workers accommodation requirements. Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by IA, Licensed Contactors EEB, I&G 179 Source of Funds  No permanent on-site solid waste disposal will be permitted at project site.  No burning of wastes will be permitted at project site.  Ash and slag will be sold for utilization and recycling.  Oily waste will be collected, transported and treated by a certificated 3rd hazardous waste treatment company. Chemical and Hazardous Materials Inappropriate Management  A register of all activities that involve the handling of potentially hazardous substances will be developed, including protocols for the storage, handling and spill response. This will include all fuels, oils, grease, lubricants, and other chemicals.  All chemicals, toxic, hazardous, and harmful materials will be transported in spill proof tanks with filling hoses and nozzles in working order,  All chemicals, toxic, hazardous, and harmful materials will be stored in secure areas with impermeable surfaces and protective dikes such that spillage or leakage will be contained from affecting soil, surface water or groundwater systems. The area should be 110% volume of storage capacity. Their usage will be strictly monitored and recorded. Some chemicals will be stored off-site, such as water quality analysis chemicals which will be stored at an independent laboratory.  Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) will be posted for all hazardous materials.  Oil absorbents will be readily accessible in marked IA operation budget 180 Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards containers.  Good housekeeping procedures will be established to avoid the risk of spills.  Spills will be dealt with immediately, and personnel will be trained and tasked with this responsibility.  Workers will be properly trained before handling hazardous wastes and have the requisite PPE.  Hazardous waste will be temporarily stored in closed containers away from direct sunlight, wind, water and rain in secure designated areas with impermeable surfaces and protective dikes such that spillage or leakage will be contained.  Hazardous wastes including oily waste, waste chemicals and waste ion exchange resin will be collected and disposed by licensed contractors on an as needed basis.  Engineering and administrative control measures will be implemented to avoid or minimize the release of hazardous substances into the work environment keeping the level of exposure below internationally established or recognized limits.  Keep the number of employees exposed, or likely to become exposed, to a minimum to hazardous substances.  Communicating chemical hazards to workers through labeling and marking according to national and internationally recognized requirements and standards, including the International Chemical Safety Cards Implemented by Supervised by Source of Funds Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by 181 Source of Funds (ICSC), Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), or equivalent. Any means of written communication should be in an easily understood language and be readily available to exposed workers and first-aid personnel.  Training workers in the use of the available information (such as MSDSs), safe work practices, and appropriate use of PPE. Noise Impact on Sensitive Receptors  Low-noise equipment will be used as far as possible, IA and noise reduction measures such as noise elimination, shock absorption, insulated enclosures and sound dampening materials on exterior walls will be implemented. I&G, EEB IA operation budget  All equipment will be properly maintained in order to minimize noise.  Appropriate noise PPE will be provided to the workers who are likely to be exposed to high noise level environments to meet the requirements in occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in work place Part 2: physical agents (GBZ 2.2-2007), EHS General Guidelines and EHS Guidelines on Occupational H&S.  Layout for project site will be reasonable planned to reduce noise. Community and Occupational Health and Safety Risks to Workers and Community  Operation phase EHS plan and traffic management plan will be developed and implemented and workers will be trained regularly on their implementation.  The nearby communities will be informed of the potential risks and the emergency response plan.  PPE including goggles, gloves, safety shoes will be Plans I&G and developed by IA relevant with the support authorities from LIEC Plans IA operation budget 182 Appendix I Category Responsibility Potential Impacts and Issues Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards       Implemented by provided to workers. Correct standard dust masks will be implemented by provided to workers working with waste. Noise protection IA equipment will be provided to workers in high-noise area. Noise areas with more than 85 dBA shall be marked and hearing protections shall be provided to workers. Appropriate masks will be provided to workers in urea area following the PRC standards Noise level inside control room should be no more than 60 dB Provide training to workers on occupational health and safety, and emergency response. Daily average numbers for vehicles transporting wastes are 30 times (load of one vehicle is 20 tons and working days are 300 days), which has a limited impact to traffic flow. Transportation route of the vehicles will use the existing expressway and urban roads except exit and entrance. Vehicles transporting materials or wastes will slow down to 30 km/h and not use their horn when passing through or nearby sensitive locations, such as residential communities, schools and hospitals Safe traffic control measures, including road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions will be taken as needed. Regular maintenance of vehicles to minimize potential accidents caused by equipment malfunction. Subproject site will be fence with restricted public access Potential occupational electric and magnetic fields (EMF) exposure should be prevented/minimized through identifying potential exposure levels in the workplace, training of workers in the dentification of occupational Supervised by Source of Funds Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards 183 Source of Funds Implemented by Supervised by Plans developed by PMO with support from LIEC I&G and local IA operation emergency budget authorities EMF levels and hazards, implementing action plans to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations. Personal exposure monitoring equipment should be set to warn of exposure levels that are below occupational exposure reference levels (e.g., 50 percent). Emergency Response A draft emergency risk and response has been established in accordance with the “National Environmental Emergency Plan” (24 January 2006), other relevant PRC laws, regulations and standards, as well as World Bank EHS Guidelines and ADB’s SPS 2009 and will include measures in the World Bank EHS guidelines with respect to occupational and community health and safety. The plan must be established and in place before the plant is operational. Indicative plan requirements are as follows:  Procedures for responding to different types of emergency situations will be identified in the response plan.  Emergency exercises will be conducted and they should include different emergency scenarios. Training Requirements  Appropriate operating and maintenance employees will be trained to ensure that they are knowledgeable of the requirements of emergency response plan. Training will be provided as follows:  Initial training to all employees before the gasfired facilities are put in operation.  When new equipment, materials, or processes Plans implemented by IA 184 Appendix I Category Responsibility Potential Impacts and Issues Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards  are introduced. When emergency response procedures have been updated or revised. Annual Emergency Simulation  Simulated emergency exercises will be conducted at least annually. Receiving Notification of a Possible Emergency  When a supervisor receives a report of a possible emergency situation, he/she should obtain at minimum the following information from the reporting person:  Name of person reporting emergency;  Nature of emergency - leak, fire, interruption of service if leak, odor present, etc.  Details of emergency: location, amount, how long has the odor been noticed, what actions have been taken, etc.  Leaks or other emergencies require prompt investigation. Immediate On-site Action  The first responder will assess the nature of the report. This assessment should include the status of the emergency, an estimation of how the incident might progress, and an evaluation of the manpower, equipment, and materials needed to adequately cope with the situation.  If there is a strong odor or any measurable reading of gas detected inside a structure:  Clear the building of all occupants.  Eliminate potential ignition sources.  Localize or isolate the problem as needed.  Determine the extent of the hazardous area and establish a restricted area. Implemented by Supervised by Source of Funds Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards  The responding supervisor shall determine the extent of the emergency and inform the dispatcher of the condition at the site.  If emergency procedures are put into effect, the responding supervisor should select a location and establish an emergency command post.  The responding supervisor will assign one person to remain at the command post to maintain communications until the emergency is over.  When necessary, the command post will be coordinated with the local emergency responders. When local emergency responders are involved, they will be in charge of the incident.  The responding supervisor will make himself known to fire and/or police department officials, or other authority having jurisdiction, and will remain with them during the emergency.  All employees reporting to the scene of the emergency will report to the command post for identification and instructions.  Key personnel will be alerted, and it will be their responsibility to keep the emergency personnel under their supervision informed and available for emergency call out.  When a system failure cannot be made safely by normal procedures, emergency shutdown procedures should be implemented.  Well trained and qualified personnel will be dispatched to monitor system pressure and repair work. Communication with Public Officials  When an emergency resulting in a hazard to the public safety occurs, the local fire department, police, the city medical emergency center and other relevant public officials should be notified. An emergency call list will be Implemented by Supervised by 185 Source of Funds 186 Appendix I Category Potential Impacts and Issues Responsibility Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Implemented by Supervised by Source of Funds prepared and make it available at the plant control room. DI = design institute, EMP = environment monitoring plan, EMS = environment monitoring station, EEB = ecology and environment bureau, GRM = grievance redress mechanism, IA = implementing agency, I&G = China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant. Source: Domestic Project EIA Report (2019) and consultants. Appendix I 187 Table 3: Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) Subject Parameter/Methodology Implemented by Supervised by Quarterly during construction season EMS I&G, EEB Daily during construction season IA I&G, EEB Monitoring Location Frequency Boundaries of the construction site A. Construction Phase Air Pollution Ambient dust monitoring (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) following PRC requirements Construction site Compliance inspection of implementation of air pollution control measures Wastewater Water sampling - COD, TSS, pH etc. following PRC requirements Wastewater discharge point of the construction site Quarterly during construction IA I&G, EEB Noise Ambient noise monitoring (day and night Leq dB(A)) using portable monitoring device following PRC requirement Boundaries of the construction site Monthly during construction season EMS I&G, EEB Solid Waste Compliance inspection of implementation of solid waste management measures Waste collection and disposal sites. Monthly during construction IA I&G, EEB On a regular basis IA, local sanitation department I&G, EEB Waste collection by local sanitation department Hazardous and Compliance inspections of Polluting implementation of hazardous Materials materials management measures Storage facilities for fuels, oil, chemicals and other hazardous materials. Vehicle and equipment maintenance areas. Monthly during construction IA I&G, EEB Flora and Fauna Compliance inspection of land Construction site Monthly during IA I&G, EEB 188 Appendix I Subject Parameter/Methodology clearing to ensure mitigation measures are being implemented Compliance inspection of Socioeconomic implementation of traffic Impacts control measures Compliance inspection of implementation of Occupational and Community Health and Safety measures including records on near miss, minor, major, fatal accidents and an Emergency Response Plan Implemented by Supervised by Monthly during construction season IA I&G, EEB Monthly during construction season IA I&G, EEB Quarterly EMS, IA I&G, EEB Yearly EMS, IA I&G, EEB Continuous IA, EMS I&G, EEB Quarterly IA I&G, EEB Twice a year EMS, IA I&G, EEB Monitoring Location Frequency construction Construction site roads. Transportation routes. Construction site B. Operation Phase Exhaust stack Emission monitoring (PM, SO2, NOx, Dioxin16, HCI, Hg, Nearest sensitive areas and locations with predicted Pb, Cd and other heavy Air pollutants maximum ground metals as applicable) generated from concentrations operation Continuous emission Exhaust stack monitoring (PM, SO2, NOx) Odor (NH3, H2S) Wastewater Subproject site Wastewater sampling - COD, Discharge outlet to municipal TSS, pH etc. following PRC sewer of the plant Site requirements 16 Dioxin monitoring: three samples within 6-12 hours following the PRC requirement; and over a sampling period of minimum of 6 hours and a maximum of 8 hours following the EU requirement (both PRC and EU testing regime will be used to cross check whether the emissions satisfy both PRC regulations and EU standards). Appendix I Subject Parameter/Methodology Monitoring Location Frequency Implemented by Supervised by Nearest sensitive areas, one at the upward wind direction, one at the downward wind direction, at least once a year Yearly EMS, IA I&G, EEB Soil Heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb), pH, cation exchange capacity, and dioxin Plant Site Semi-annually IA I&G, EEB Solid Waste Compliance inspection to of operation phase solid waste management measures implementation, contaminants in fly ash Noise monitoring (1-h average level per World Bank EHS Guidelines requirement, day and night Leq dB(A)) Boundaries of the site Semi-annually EMS, IA I&G, EEB Yearly EMS, IA I&G, EEB Noise Noise monitoring (1-h average Nearest sensitive receptors level per World Bank EHS Guidelines requirement, day and night Leq dB(A)) Compliance inspection of Hazardous and operation phase Hazardous Polluting Materials Management Plans Materials (HMMPs) implementation Plant Site Semi-annually IA I&G, EEB Compliance inspection of operation phase occupational and community health and safety management measures including keeping records on near miss, minor, major, fatal accidents and an Emergency Response Plan implementation Plant Site Semi-annually IA I&G, EEB Health and Safety and Emergency Response 189 190 Appendix I Subject Environmental acceptance Parameter/Methodology Compliance testing for environment acceptance Monitoring Location Plant Site Frequency Once Implemented by IA Supervised I&G,byEEB Appendix I 191 Table 4: Institutional strengthening and training program Training Topic Constructio n Phase Environment , Health and Safety Training Operation Phase Environment , Health and Safety Plan Training Trainers LIEC LIEC Attendees Contractor s, PMO, IA, I&G PMO, IA, I&G Contents Times ADB and PRC laws, regulations and policies  ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement  Project applicable PRC environmental, health and safety laws, policies, standards and regulations  International environmental, health and safety management practice in civil irrigation and drainage construction GRM  GRM structure, responsibilities, and timeframe  Types of grievances and eligibility assessment Implementation of Construction Phase EMP  Impacts and mitigation measures  Monitoring and reporting requirements  Non-compliance and corrective actions ADB and PRC laws, regulations and policies  ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement  Project applicable PRC environmental, health and safety laws, policies, standards and regulations  International environmental, health and safety management practice in civil irrigation and drainage operation GRM  GRM structure, responsibilities, and timeframe  Types of grievances and eligibility assessment 3 (once prior to start of construction, and then once during second and third years) 3 (once prior to start of operation, and then once during second and third years) Days # Persons Budget (USD) Training Development 2 30 Fixed costs: $2000 per course delivery x 3 = $ 6,000 Training Development 2 30 Fixed costs: $2000 per course delivery x 3 = $6,000 Implementation of Operation Phase EMP  Impacts and mitigation measures  Monitoring and reporting requirements  Non-compliance and corrective actions Total 6 60 $12,000 192 Appendix 1 F. Reporting Requirements 16. Environmental reporting. The Construction Supervision Company (CSC) will submit monthly reports to the PMO on implementation and compliance with the EMP and construction EMP, including information on all spills, accidents including near miss, minor, major, fatal accidents, grievance received, and appropriate actions taken. 17. Based on the CSC’ monthly EMP progress reports and the compliance inspection and ambient monitoring results, the PMO will prepare semi-annual environmental reports including EMP implementation and monitoring results and submit to I&G. I&G will submit to ADB for disclosure after review. The reports should assess the project’s compliance with the EMP and PRC environmental standards, identify any environment-related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions, and reflect these in a corrective action plan. The performance of the contractors in respect of environmental compliance will also be reported, as will the operation and performance of the project GRM, environmental institutional strengthening and training, and compliance with all safeguards covenants. 18. Review by ADB. ADB will review the semiannual EMRs and ADB missions will inspect the project progress and implementation on a regular basis. For environmental issues, inspections will focus mainly on (i) monitoring data; (ii) the implementation status of project performance indicators specified in the loan covenants on the environment, environmental compliance, implementation of the EMP, and environmental institutional strengthening and training; (iii) the environmental performance of contractors, CSC and the PMO; and (iv) operation and performance of the project GRM. 19. Environmental acceptance reporting. Within 3 months after completion, or no later than 1 year with permission of the Linyi EEB, an environmental acceptance report shall be prepared by a licensed institute in accordance with the PRC Regulation on Project Completion Environmental Audit (MEP, 2001), approved by the relevant environmental authority, and reported to ADB. The environmental acceptance report will indicate the timing, extent, effectiveness of completed mitigation and of maintenance, and the need for additional mitigation measures and monitoring (if any) during operation. 20. The environmental reporting requirements are summarized in the Table 5. Table 5: Reporting Requirements Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency EMP implementation reports CSC IA Monthly Compliance monitoring reports EMS IA and I&G Quarterly Environmental monitoring reports IA and I&G ADB Semi-annually A. Construction Phase B. Operation Phase Appendix I Report Environmental monitoring report G. Prepared by Submitted to Frequency IA and I&G ADB Semi-annually 193 Performance Indicators 21. Performance indicators (Table 6) have been developed to assess the implementation of the EMP. These indicators will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management during the subproject implementation. Table 6: Performance Indicators No. Description Indicators (i) 1 Staffing PMO established with appropriately qualified staff including Environmental Officer. (ii) Appropriately qualified environmental expert recruited if needed. (iii) 3rd party environmental monitoring entity engaged. (i) 2 Budgeting 3 Monitoring 4 Supervision 5 Reporting 6 Capacity Building 7 Grievance Redress Mechanism 8 Compliance with PRC standards H. Environment mitigation cost during construction and operation is sufficiently and timely allocated. (ii) Environment monitoring cost is sufficiently and timely allocated. (iii) Budget for capacity building is sufficiently and timely allocated. (i) (ii) Compliance monitoring is conducted by IA as per EMoP. Construction phase and operation phase ambient and effluent monitoring is conducted by EMS. (i) (ii) I&G to review the implementation of EMP. ADB review missions. (i) Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports prepared by the IA are submitted to I&G and ADB. (i) Training on ADB safeguard policy, EMP implementation, and GRM is provided during subproject implementation. (i) GRM contact persons are designated at all IA and the PMO, and GRM contact information disclosed to the public before construction. All complains are recorded and processed within the set time framework in the GRM of this EIA. (ii) (i) Project complies with the PRC’s environmental laws and regulations and meets all required standards. Estimated Budget for EMP Implementation 22. The estimated budget for EMP implementation of the project is presented in Table 7. Costs are presented for mitigation implementation, ambient monitoring, capacity building, implementation support if needed, and GRM implementation. The costs do not include salaries of PMO staff. 194 Appendix I I. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 23. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated through a feedback reporting system. If, during compliance inspections and monitoring, substantial deviation from the EMP is observed, the PMO and LIEC will consult with I&G and Linyi EEB and propose appropriate changes to the EMP monitoring and mitigation plan. 24. Any EMP adjustments will be subject to ADB review and approval and ADB may pursue additional environmental assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EMP with ADB confirmation is subject to reposting on the ADB’s website as the ADB public communications policy requires. The revised EMP will be passed on to the contractor(s) for incorporation into the CEMPs for implementation J. Environmental Acceptance 25. After a three months trial operation period the Linyi EEB will conduct an environmental acceptance inspection for the subproject and issue environmental acceptance approvals. If the subproject is in compliance with all conditions for approval of the domestic EIA, the subproject can be put into formal operation. Appendix 1 Table 7: Estimated Budget for Implementing EMP Construction Phase 1. Ambient Monitoring Air - TSP Noise Construction wastewater Unit Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Unit Cost $ $ $ 300 200 150 Cost RMB Source of Funds 3,600 2,400 1,800 ¥25,336 ¥16,891 ¥12,668 Counterpart Financing 6,000 ¥42,227 $ $ $ Cost USD 8,000 2,000 4,000 Cost RMB ¥56,303 ¥14,076 ¥28,152 $ 14,000 ¥98,433 $ 20,000 ¥140,618 #Times 12 12 12 Cost USD $ $ $ Subtotal 2. Capacity Building Construction Phase HSE Plan Development and Training $ Unit EHS Plan Development EHS Course Development EHS Course Delivery $ $ $ Course Cost 2,000 2,000 4,000 #Times 4 1 1 Subtotal TOTAL Construction Phase Operation Phase (first 2 years) 1. Ambient Monitoring Exhaust gas monitoring of two stacks Continuous emission monitoring of exhaust gas Odor gas Ambient air quality at nearest sensitive areas Dioxin monitoring of flue gas Dioxin monitoring at nearest sentive areas Noise level at site boudaries Noise level at nearest sensitive receptors Soil quality monitoring Groundwater Wastewater Unit Unit Seasonal Sampling Continuous Seasonal Sampling Yearly Yearly Yearly Seasonal Sampling Yearly Yearly Seasonal Sampling Seasonal Sampling Unit Cost $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 600 400,000 100 750 700 700 200 200 800 200 150 #Times 16 2 8 8 8 16 32 8 16 8 8 Subtotal 2. Capacity Building Operation Phase HSE Plan Development and Training Subtotal TOTAL Operation Phase GRAND TOTAL Construction + Operation Unit EHS Plan Development EHS Course Development EHS Course Delivery $ $ $ Course Cost 2,000 2,000 4,000 #Times 4 1 1 Cost USD Cost RMB $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 9,600 800,000 800 6,000 5,600 11,200 6,400 1,600 12,800 1,600 1,200 ¥67,564 ¥5,630,320 ¥5,630 ¥42,227 ¥39,412 ¥78,824 ¥45,043 ¥11,261 ¥90,085 ¥11,261 ¥8,445 $ 856,800 ¥166,094 $ $ $ Cost USD 8,000 2,000 4,000 Cost RMB ¥56,303 ¥14,076 ¥28,152 $ $ 14,000 870,800 ¥98,531 ¥6,122,508 $ 890,800 ¥6,263,188 Counterpart Financing Source of Funds Counterpart Financing Counterpart Financing 195